Lim Sujeung, Kuang Yuyao, Ardoña Herdeline Ann M
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Front Chem. 2021 Aug 19;9:723111. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.723111. eCollection 2021.
Supramolecular materials, which rely on dynamic non-covalent interactions, present a promising approach to advance the capabilities of currently available biosensors. The weak interactions between supramolecular monomers allow for adaptivity and responsiveness of supramolecular or self-assembling systems to external stimuli. In many cases, these characteristics improve the performance of recognition units, reporters, or signal transducers of biosensors. The facile methods for preparing supramolecular materials also allow for straightforward ways to combine them with other functional materials and create multicomponent sensors. To date, biosensors with supramolecular components are capable of not only detecting target analytes based on known ligand affinity or specific host-guest interactions, but can also be used for more complex structural detection such as chiral sensing. In this Review, we discuss the advancements in the area of biosensors, with a particular highlight on the designs of supramolecular materials employed in analytical applications over the years. We will first describe how different types of supramolecular components are currently used as recognition or reporter units for biosensors. The working mechanisms of detection and signal transduction by supramolecular systems will be presented, as well as the important hierarchical characteristics from the monomers to assemblies that contribute to selectivity and sensitivity. We will then examine how supramolecular materials are currently integrated in different types of biosensing platforms. Emerging trends and perspectives will be outlined, specifically for exploring new design and platforms that may bring supramolecular sensors a step closer towards practical use for multiplexed or differential sensing, higher throughput operations, real-time monitoring, reporting of biological function, as well as for environmental studies.
超分子材料依赖于动态非共价相互作用，为提升现有生物传感器的性能提供了一种很有前景的方法。超分子单体之间的弱相互作用使超分子或自组装系统能够适应外部刺激并做出响应。在许多情况下，这些特性可改善生物传感器识别单元、报告分子或信号转导器的性能。制备超分子材料的简便方法也为将它们与其他功能材料结合并制造多组分传感器提供了直接途径。迄今为止，具有超分子组件的生物传感器不仅能够基于已知的配体亲和力或特定的主客体相互作用检测目标分析物，还可用于更复杂的结构检测，如手性传感。在本综述中，我们将讨论生物传感器领域的进展，特别着重介绍多年来用于分析应用的超分子材料的设计。我们将首先描述目前不同类型的超分子组件如何用作生物传感器的识别或报告单元。将介绍超分子系统的检测和信号转导工作机制，以及从单体到组装体的重要层次特征，这些特征有助于提高选择性和灵敏度。然后，我们将研究超分子材料目前是如何集成到不同类型的生物传感平台中的。将概述新兴趋势和前景，特别是探索新的设计和平台，这些可能会使超分子传感器更接近用于多重或差异传感、更高通量操作、实时监测、生物功能报告以及环境研究的实际应用。
