Šarac Ivana, Jovanović Jovica, Zec Manja, Pavlović Zoran, Debeljak-Martačić Jasmina, Zeković Milica, Milešević Jelena, Gurinović Mirjana, Glibetić Maria
Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Health, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
Front Nutr. 2021 Aug 19;8:689214. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689214. eCollection 2021.
The status of vitamin D in underground working coal miners and its association with their cardiometabolic health is rarely studied. This study aimed to examine vitamin D (VitD) status in Serbian underground coal miners and to correlate it with anthropometric and laboratory indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Nutritional data (food frequency questionnaire, FFQ, and two times repeated 24 h recall), anthropometric data (including segmental analysis by bio-impedance analyzer TANITA BC-545N), arterial tension, and biochemical and hematological data of 103 coal miners (aged 22-63 years) were correlated with their late summer (early September) serum 25 (OH)D levels (measured by HPLC). 68.9% of the studied coal miners were overweight/obese, and 48.5% had metabolic syndrome. Their mean VitD nutritional intakes were low: 5.3 ± 3.8 μg/day (FFQ) and 4.9 ± 8 μg/day (24 h recalls), but their mean serum 25 (OH)D levels were surprisingly high (143.7 ± 41.4 nmol/L). Only 2.9% of the coal miners had 25(OH)D levels lower than 75 nmol/L (indicating an insufficient/deficient status), while 63.2% had values above 125 nmol/L (upper optimal limit), and even 10.7% had values above 200 nmol/L. There were no statistical differences in 25 (OH)D levels in the coal miners with or without metabolic syndrome (or overweight/obesity). Interestingly, 25(OH)D levels had significant positive correlations with body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FM%), limbs FM%, serum triglycerides, GGT, AST, ALT, and ALT/AST ratio, and had significant negative correlations with serum HDL-cholesterol and age. All these correlations were lost after corrections for age, FM, FM%, and legs FM%. In Serbian coal miners, high levels of early September VitD levels were observed, indicating sufficient non-working-hour sun exposure during the summer period. Furthermore, the unexpected positive correlations of VitD levels with anthropometric and biochemical parameters indicative of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease were found. More research is needed on the VitD status of coal miners (particularly in the winter period) and its relationship with their cardiometabolic status.
地下煤矿工人维生素D的状况及其与心脏代谢健康的关联鲜少被研究。本研究旨在检测塞尔维亚地下煤矿工人的维生素D（VitD）状况，并将其与心脏代谢风险的人体测量指标和实验室指标相关联。对103名煤矿工人（年龄在22至63岁之间）的营养数据（食物频率问卷、FFQ以及两次重复的24小时膳食回顾）、人体测量数据（包括通过生物电阻抗分析仪TANITA BC - 545N进行的分段分析）、动脉血压以及生化和血液学数据与他们夏末（9月初）的血清25（OH）D水平（通过高效液相色谱法测定）进行了相关性分析。68.9%的受试煤矿工人超重/肥胖，48.5%患有代谢综合征。他们的平均VitD营养摄入量较低：5.3±3.8μg/天（FFQ）和4.9±8μg/天（24小时膳食回顾），但他们的平均血清25（OH）D水平却出奇地高（143.7±41.4nmol/L）。只有2.9%的煤矿工人25（OH）D水平低于75nmol/L（表明不足/缺乏状态），而63.2%的人水平高于125nmol/L（最佳上限），甚至10.7%的人水平高于200nmol/L。患有或未患有代谢综合征（或超重/肥胖）的煤矿工人的25（OH）D水平无统计学差异。有趣的是，25（OH）D水平与体重指数（BMI）、脂肪量（FM）、脂肪量百分比（FM%）、四肢FM%、血清甘油三酯、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）以及ALT/AST比值呈显著正相关，与血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和年龄呈显著负相关。在对年龄、FM、FM%和腿部FM%进行校正后，所有这些相关性均消失。在塞尔维亚煤矿工人中，观察到9月初的VitD水平较高，表明夏季非工作时间有充足的阳光照射。此外，还发现VitD水平与表明肥胖、代谢综合征和脂肪肝病的人体测量和生化参数存在意外的正相关。需要对煤矿工人的VitD状况（尤其是在冬季）及其与心脏代谢状况的关系进行更多研究。
