Basso Lisa, Chacun Doriane, Sy Kadiatou, Grosgogeat Brigitte, Gritsch Kerstin
Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
Faculty of Odontology, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Eur J Dent. 2021 Oct;15(4):768-775. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1729139. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
The aim of this scoping review was to present the existing literature regarding the relationship between periodontal diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping review guidelines was followed. Articles were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases and screened to include studies relating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 to periodontal cells and/or tissues and/or diseases. Twenty-five papers were included; consisting of six reviews, seven original articles, six short reports, four letters to the editor, one commentary, and one case report. The articles were allocated to three different topics: (i) hypotheses on the relationship between periodontal diseases and COVID-19; (ii) risk factors and comorbidities common to periodontitis and COVID-19; (iii) periodontal manifestations of COVID-19. Certain molecules (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, furin, cathepsin, TMPRSS2...) that are found at a high level in periodontal tissues, particularly in patients with periodontitis, are involved in the mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Periodontopathic bacteria could also play a direct role in the mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 by cleaving the S-protein, and the cytokines produced during periodontitis could add to the cytokine storm found in the severe forms of COVID-19. It thus appears that the treatment of periodontitis, which allows a reduction in periodontopathic bacteria and of the local and systemic inflammation state, could be part of a strategy to prevent the development of severe forms of COVID-19.
本综述的目的是介绍有关牙周疾病与2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）之间关系的现有文献。遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）扩展版的范围综述指南。从PubMed/MEDLINE和Scopus数据库中检索文章，并进行筛选，以纳入将严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）或COVID-19与牙周细胞和/或组织和/或疾病相关的研究。共纳入25篇论文；包括6篇综述、7篇原创文章、6篇简短报告、4篇致编辑的信、1篇评论和1篇病例报告。这些文章被分配到三个不同的主题：（i）牙周疾病与COVID-19之间关系的假说；（ii）牙周炎和COVID-19共有的危险因素和合并症；（iii）COVID-19的牙周表现。在牙周组织中，特别是在牙周炎患者中高水平发现的某些分子（血管紧张素转换酶2、弗林蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶、跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2……）参与了SARS-CoV-2进入细胞的机制。牙周病原菌也可能通过切割S蛋白在SARS-CoV-2进入细胞的机制中发挥直接作用，并且牙周炎期间产生的细胞因子可能会加剧重症COVID-19中出现的细胞因子风暴。因此，治疗牙周炎可以减少牙周病原菌以及局部和全身炎症状态，这似乎可以成为预防重症COVID-19发生策略的一部分。
