From the Division of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Cardiol Rev. 2022;30(3):134-144. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000417.
Physical activity and its sustained and purposeful performance-exercise-promote a broad and diverse set of metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits. Regular exercise is the most effective way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, a measure of one's global cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic health, and one of the strongest predictors of future health risk. Here, we describe how exercise affects individual organ systems related to cardiometabolic health, including the promotion of insulin and glucose homeostasis through improved efficiency in skeletal muscle glucose utilization and enhanced insulin sensitivity; beneficial changes in body composition and adiposity; and improved cardiac mechanics and vascular health. We subsequently identify knowledge gaps that remain in exercise science, including heterogeneity in exercise responsiveness. While the application of molecular profiling technologies in exercise science has begun to illuminate the biochemical pathways that govern exercise-induced health promotion, much of this work has focused on individual organ systems and applied single platforms. New insights into exercise-induced secreted small molecules and proteins that impart their effects in distant organs ("exerkines") highlight the need for an integrated approach towards the study of exercise and its global effects; efforts that are ongoing.
体育活动及其持续和有目的的表现——运动，促进了广泛而多样的代谢和心血管健康益处。定期运动是改善心肺适应性的最有效方法，心肺适应性是衡量一个人整体心血管、肺和代谢健康的指标之一，也是未来健康风险的最强预测因素之一。在这里，我们描述了运动如何影响与心脏代谢健康相关的各个器官系统，包括通过改善骨骼肌葡萄糖利用效率和增强胰岛素敏感性来促进胰岛素和葡萄糖稳态；身体成分和肥胖的有益变化；以及改善心脏力学和血管健康。随后，我们确定了运动科学中仍然存在的知识空白，包括运动反应的异质性。虽然分子谱分析技术在运动科学中的应用已经开始阐明控制运动诱导健康促进的生化途径，但这项工作的大部分都集中在单个器官系统上，并应用了单一的平台。关于运动诱导的分泌小分子和蛋白质的新见解，这些小分子和蛋白质在远处的器官中发挥作用（“运动因子”），突出了需要采取综合方法来研究运动及其全球效应；这些努力正在进行中。
