Alhindi Tareq, Al-Abdallat Ayed M
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Aug 30;10(9):1805. doi: 10.3390/plants10091805.
The MADS-box gene family encodes a number of transcription factors that play key roles in various plant growth and development processes from response to environmental cues to cell differentiation and organ identity, especially the floral organogenesis, as in the prominent ABCDE model of flower development. Recently, the genome of American beautyberry () has been sequenced. It is a shrub native to the southern region of United States with edible purple-colored berries; it is a member of the family, a family of medical and agricultural importance. Seventy-eight MADS-box genes were identified from 17 chromosomes of the assembled genome. Peptide sequences blast and analysis of phylogenetic relationships with MADS-box genes of , , , and were performed. Genes were separated into 32 type I and 46 type II MADS-box genes. MADS-box genes were clustered into four groups: MIKC, MIKC*, Mα-type, and Mγ-type, while the Mβ-type group was absent. Analysis of the gene structure revealed that from 1 to 15 exons exist in MADS-box genes. The number of exons in type II MADS-box genes (5-15) greatly exceeded the number in type I genes (1-9). The motif distribution analysis of the two types of MADS-box genes showed that type II MADS-box genes contained more motifs than type I genes. These results suggested that MADS-box genes type II had more complex structures and might have more diverse functions. The role of MIKC-type MADS-box genes in flower and fruit development was highlighted when the expression profile was analyzed in different organs transcriptomes. This study is the first genome-wide analysis of the MADS-box gene family, and the results will further support any functional and evolutionary studies of MADS-box genes and serve as a reference for related studies of other plants in the medically important family.
MADS-box基因家族编码许多转录因子，这些转录因子在植物从对环境信号的响应到细胞分化和器官特性等各种生长发育过程中发挥关键作用，尤其是在花器官发生过程中，如著名的花发育ABCDE模型所示。最近，美国紫珠（Callicarpa americana）的基因组已被测序。它是一种原产于美国南部地区的灌木，结可食用的紫色浆果；它是马鞭草科（Verbenaceae）的一员，该科具有医学和农业重要性。从组装的美国紫珠基因组的17条染色体中鉴定出78个MADS-box基因。对其肽序列进行了比对，并与拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）、金鱼草（Antirrhinum majus）、矮牵牛（Petunia hybrida）和水稻（Oryza sativa）的MADS-box基因进行了系统发育关系分析。这些基因被分为32个I型和46个II型MADS-box基因。美国紫珠的MADS-box基因聚为四组：MIKC、MIKC*、Mα型和Mγ型，而Mβ型组不存在。基因结构分析表明，美国紫珠的MADS-box基因含有1至15个外显子。II型MADS-box基因的外显子数量（5 - 15个）大大超过I型基因（1 - 9个）。对这两种类型MADS-box基因的基序分布分析表明，II型MADS-box基因比I型基因含有更多的基序。这些结果表明，美国紫珠的II型MADS-box基因具有更复杂的结构，可能具有更多样化的功能。当在不同器官转录组中分析表达谱时，突出了MIKC型MADS-box基因在花和果实发育中的作用。本研究是对美国紫珠MADS-box基因家族的首次全基因组分析，研究结果将进一步支持对美国紫珠MADS-box基因的功能和进化研究，并为医学上重要的马鞭草科其他植物的相关研究提供参考。
