Bosheva Miroslava, Tokodi Istvan, Krasnow Aleksander, Pedersen Helle Krogh, Lukjancenko Oksana, Eklund Aron C, Grathwohl Dominik, Sprenger Norbert, Berger Bernard, Cercamondi Colin I
University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, St. George Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Infant and Children's Department, St. George's Hospital, Székesfehérvár, Hungary.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jul 6;9:920362. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.920362. eCollection 2022.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important biological functions for a healthy development in early life.
This study aimed to investigate gut maturation effects of an infant formula containing five HMOs (2'-fucosyllactose, 2',3-di-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3'-sialyllactose, and 6'-sialyllactose).
In a multicenter study, healthy infants (7-21 days old) were randomly assigned to a standard cow's milk-based infant formula (control group, CG); the same formula with 1.5 g/L HMOs (test group 1, TG1); or with 2.5 g/L HMOs (test group 2, TG2). A human milk-fed group (HMG) was enrolled as a reference. Fecal samples collected at baseline (∼150/formula group; HMG = 60), age 3 (∼140/formula group; HMG = 65) and 6 (∼115/formula group; HMG = 60) months were analyzed for microbiome (shotgun metagenomics), metabolism, and biomarkers.
At both post-baseline visits, weighted UniFrac analysis indicated different microbiota compositions in the two test groups (TGs) compared to CG ( < 0.01) with coordinates closer to that of HMG. The relative abundance of subsp. () was higher in TGs vs. CG ( < 0.05; except at 6 months: TG2 vs. CG = 0.083). abundance was higher by ∼45% in TGs vs. CG at 6-month approaching HMG. At both post-baseline visits, toxigenic abundance was 75-85% lower in TGs vs. CG ( < 0.05) and comparable with HMG. Fecal pH was significantly lower in TGs vs. CG, and the overall organic acid profile was different in TGs vs. CG, approaching HMG. At 3 months, TGs (vs. CG) had higher secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and lower alpha-1-antitrypsin ( < 0.05). At 6 months, sIgA in TG2 vs. CG remained higher ( < 0.05), and calprotectin was lower in TG1 ( < 0.05) vs. CG.
Infant formula with a specific blend of five HMOs supports the development of the intestinal immune system and gut barrier function and shifts the gut microbiome closer to that of breastfed infants with higher bifidobacteria, particularly , and lower toxigenic .
[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/], identifier [NCT03722550].
人乳寡糖（HMOs）对生命早期的健康发育具有重要的生物学功能。
本研究旨在调查一种含有五种HMOs（2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、2',3-二岩藻糖基乳糖、乳糖-N-四糖、3'-唾液酸乳糖和6'-唾液酸乳糖）的婴儿配方奶粉对肠道成熟的影响。
在一项多中心研究中，健康婴儿（7 - 21日龄）被随机分配至标准的基于牛乳的婴儿配方奶粉组（对照组，CG）；添加1.5 g/L HMOs的相同配方奶粉组（试验组1，TG1）；或添加2.5 g/L HMOs的相同配方奶粉组（试验组2，TG2）。纳入母乳喂养组（HMG）作为参考。在基线（每个配方奶粉组约150例；HMG = 60例）、3月龄（每个配方奶粉组约140例；HMG = 65例）和6月龄（每个配方奶粉组约115例；HMG = 60例）时收集粪便样本，分析微生物组（鸟枪法宏基因组学）、代谢和生物标志物。
在两次基线后访视时，加权UniFrac分析表明，与CG组相比，两个试验组（TGs）的微生物群组成不同（P < 0.01），其坐标更接近HMG组。与CG组相比，TGs组中 亚种（ ）的相对丰度更高（P < 0.05；6月龄时除外：TG2与CG相比，P = 0.083）。6月龄时，TGs组的 丰度比CG组高约45%，接近HMG组。在两次基线后访视时，与CG组相比，TGs组中产毒 丰度低75 - 85%（P < 0.05），与HMG组相当。与CG组相比，TGs组的粪便pH显著更低，且TGs组与CG组的总体有机酸谱不同，接近HMG组。3月龄时，TGs组（与CG组相比）的分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）更高，α1-抗胰蛋白酶更低（P < 0.05）。6月龄时，TG2组与CG组相比，sIgA仍然更高（P < 0.05），且TG1组与CG组相比，钙卫蛋白更低（P < 0.05）。
含有特定五种HMOs组合的婴儿配方奶粉有助于肠道免疫系统和肠道屏障功能的发育，并使肠道微生物群更接近母乳喂养婴儿，双歧杆菌尤其是 含量更高，产毒 含量更低。
[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/]，标识符 [NCT03722550]
