Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece.
Department of Physics, Section of Nuclear and Particle Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.
Int J Oncol. 2021 Nov;59(5). doi: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5272. Epub 2021 Oct 7.
Exposure of animals/biological samples to human‑made electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially in the extremely low frequency (ELF) band, and the microwave/radio frequency (RF) band which is always combined with ELF, may lead to DNA damage. DNA damage is connected with cell death, infertility and other pathologies, including cancer. ELF exposure from high‑voltage power lines and complex RF exposure from wireless communication antennas/devices are linked to increased cancer risk. Almost all human‑made RF EMFs include ELF components in the form of modulation, pulsing and random variability. Thus, in addition to polarization and coherence, the existence of ELFs is a common feature of almost all human‑made EMFs. The present study reviews the DNA damage and related effects induced by human‑made EMFs. The ion forced‑oscillation mechanism for irregular gating of voltage‑gated ion channels on cell membranes by polarized/coherent EMFs is extensively described. Dysfunction of ion channels disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations, which determine the cell's electrochemical balance and homeostasis. The present study shows how this can result in DNA damage through reactive oxygen species/free radical overproduction. Thus, a complete picture is provided of how human‑made EMF exposure may indeed lead to DNA damage and related pathologies, including cancer. Moreover, it is suggested that the non‑thermal biological effects attributed to RF EMFs are actually due to their ELF components.
动物/生物样本暴露于人为电磁场（EMF）中，特别是在极低频（ELF）波段和微波/射频（RF）波段，这两个波段通常与 ELF 结合在一起，可能导致 DNA 损伤。DNA 损伤与细胞死亡、不孕和其他病理学有关，包括癌症。高压输电线产生的 ELF 暴露和无线通信天线/设备产生的复杂 RF 暴露与癌症风险增加有关。几乎所有人为的 RF EMF 都包括调制、脉冲和随机变化形式的 ELF 成分。因此，除了极化和相干性外，ELF 的存在是几乎所有人为 EMF 的共同特征。本研究回顾了人为 EMF 引起的 DNA 损伤和相关影响。广泛描述了极化/相干 EMF 通过细胞膜上的电压门控离子通道不规则门控对离子强制振荡的机制。离子通道功能障碍会破坏细胞内的离子浓度，从而决定细胞的电化学平衡和内稳态。本研究展示了这如何通过活性氧/自由基过度产生导致 DNA 损伤。因此，提供了一个完整的图景，说明人为 EMF 暴露如何确实会导致 DNA 损伤和相关的病理学，包括癌症。此外，有人认为归因于 RF EMF 的非热生物效应实际上是由于它们的 ELF 成分。
