Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cluster for Health Services Research, Oslo, Norway.
Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden.
Euro Surveill. 2021 Oct;26(40). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875.
BackgroundThe occupational risk of COVID-19 may be different in the first versus second epidemic wave.AimTo study whether employees in occupations that typically entail close contact with others were at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation during the first and second epidemic wave before and after 18 July 2020, in Norway.MethodsWe included individuals in occupations working with patients, children, students, or customers using Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) codes. We compared residents (3,559,694 on 1 January 2020) in such occupations aged 20-70 years (mean: 44.1; standard deviation: 14.3 years; 51% men) to age-matched individuals in other professions using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, birth country and marital status.ResultsNurses, physicians, dentists and physiotherapists had 2-3.5 times the odds of COVID-19 during the first wave when compared with others of working age. In the second wave, bartenders, waiters, food counter attendants, transport conductors, travel stewards, childcare workers, preschool and primary school teachers had ca 1.25-2 times the odds of infection. Bus, tram and taxi drivers had an increased odds of infection in both waves (odds ratio: 1.2-2.1). Occupation was of limited relevance for the odds of severe infection, here studied as hospitalisation with the disease.ConclusionOur findings from the entire Norwegian population may be of relevance to national and regional authorities in handling the epidemic. Also, we provide a knowledge foundation for more targeted future studies of lockdowns and disease control measures.
背景
COVID-19 的职业风险在第一波和第二波疫情中可能有所不同。
目的
研究在 2020 年 7 月 18 日之前和之后的第一波和第二波疫情中，挪威从事与他人密切接触的典型职业的员工是否面临更高的 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 COVID-19 相关住院的风险。
方法
我们纳入了从事与患者、儿童、学生或客户打交道的职业的个人，并使用国际标准职业分类（ISCO-08）代码。我们将年龄在 20-70 岁之间（平均年龄：44.1；标准差：14.3 岁；51%为男性）的这些职业的居民（2020 年 1 月 1 日有 3559694 人）与其他职业的年龄匹配个体进行比较，使用 logistic 回归调整年龄、性别、出生国和婚姻状况。
结果
与同龄工作者相比，护士、医生、牙医和物理治疗师在第一波疫情期间感染 COVID-19 的可能性高 2-3.5 倍。在第二波疫情中，调酒师、服务员、食品柜台服务员、交通指挥员、旅行管家、儿童保育工作者、学前和小学教师感染的可能性高 1.25-2 倍。公共汽车、电车和出租车司机在两波疫情中都有更高的感染几率（比值比：1.2-2.1）。职业对严重感染的几率影响有限，这里将其研究为因疾病住院的情况。
结论
我们从挪威全部人口中获得的发现可能对国家和地区当局处理疫情具有相关性。此外，我们为未来更有针对性地研究封锁和疾病控制措施提供了知识基础。
