Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of the Endophytic Strain GLB197, a Potential Biocontrol Agent of Grape Downy Mildew.

has been extensively studied for agricultural application as a biocontrol agent. GLB197, an endophytic bacterium isolated from grape leaves, exhibits distinctive inhibition to grape downy mildew based on unknown mechanisms. To determine the genetic traits involved in the mechanism of biocontrol and host-interaction traits, the genome sequence of GLB197 was obtained and further analyzed. The genome of GLB197 consisted of one plasmid and a 3,733,835-bp circular chromosome with 41.56% G + C content, containing 3,770 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis of 17 strains using the concatenated 1,226 single-copy core genes divided into different clusters was conducted. In addition, average nucleotide identity (ANI) values indicate that the current taxonomy of some group strains is incorrect. Comparative analysis of GLB197 proteins with other strains identified 3,157 core genes. Furthermore, we found that the pan-genome of is open. The genome of GLB197 contains one nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster which was annotated as lichenysin. Interestingly, the cluster in has two more genes than other strains ( and ). The two genes were probably obtained horizontal gene transfer (HGT) during the evolutionary process from . Taken together, these observations enable the future application of GLB197 as a biocontrol agent for control of grape downy mildew and promote our understanding of the beneficial interactions between GLB197 and plants.