Advances in pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: Challenges and perspectives.

As a clean and renewable energy, bioenergy is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels. Lignocellulose possesses great potential for bioenergy production, but the recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure limits its application. Pretreatment technology offers an effective solution to fractionate the main components of the lignocellulose and uncover the available cellulose. The obtained feedstock can be applied to bioconversion into energy, e.g., bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, etc. Here, the current state of lignocellulose pretreatment technologies was comprehensively reviewed, the advances in bioenergy production from pretreated lignocellulose was described, with particular attention to key challenges involved. Several new strategies for overcoming pretreatment barriers to realize highly efficient lignocellulose bioconversion were highlighted. The insights given in this review will facilitate further development on lignocellulosic bioenergy production, towards addressing the global energy crisis and climate change related to the use of fossil fuels.