Báez-Mendoza Raymundo, Vázquez Yuriria, Mastrobattista Emma P, Williams Ziv M
Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Oct 1;15:720294. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.720294. eCollection 2021.
Social living facilitates individual access to rewards, cognitive resources, and objects that would not be otherwise accessible. There are, however, some drawbacks to social living, particularly when competing for scarce resources. Furthermore, variability in our ability to make social decisions can be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. The neuronal mechanisms underlying social decision-making are beginning to be understood. The momentum to study this phenomenon has been partially carried over by the study of economic decision-making. Yet, because of the similarities between these different types of decision-making, it is unclear what is a social decision. Here, we propose a definition of social decision-making as choices taken in a context where one or more conspecifics are involved in the decision or the consequences of it. Social decisions can be conceptualized as complex economic decisions since they are based on the subjective preferences between different goods. During social decisions, individuals choose based on their internal value estimate of the different alternatives. These are complex decisions given that conspecifics beliefs or actions could modify the subject's internal valuations at every choice. Here, we first review recent developments in our collective understanding of the neuronal mechanisms and circuits of social decision-making in primates. We then review literature characterizing populations with neuropsychiatric disorders showing deficits in social decision-making and the underlying neuronal circuitries associated with these deficits.
群居生活有助于个体获取奖励、认知资源以及那些在其他情况下无法获得的物品。然而，群居生活也存在一些弊端，尤其是在争夺稀缺资源时。此外，我们做出社会决策的能力差异可能与神经精神疾病有关。社会决策背后的神经元机制正逐渐被理解。对这一现象的研究动力部分源于对经济决策的研究。然而，由于这些不同类型决策之间存在相似性，目前尚不清楚什么是社会决策。在此，我们提出社会决策的定义为：在有一个或多个同种个体参与决策或决策后果的背景下所做出的选择。社会决策可被概念化为复杂的经济决策，因为它们基于对不同物品的主观偏好。在社会决策过程中，个体根据对不同选项的内部价值评估进行选择。鉴于同种个体的信念或行为可能在每次选择时改变主体的内部估值，所以这些是复杂的决策。在此，我们首先回顾灵长类动物社会决策的神经元机制和神经回路方面的最新研究进展。然后，我们回顾关于神经精神疾病患者群体的文献，这些患者在社会决策方面存在缺陷，以及与这些缺陷相关的潜在神经回路。
