Smith David V, Huettel Scott A
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Center for Neuroeconomic Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2010 Nov;1(6):854-871. doi: 10.1002/wcs.73.
Few aspects of human cognition are more personal than the choices we make. Our decisions-from the mundane to the impossibly complex-continually shape the courses of our lives. In recent years, researchers have applied the tools of neuroscience to understand the mechanisms that underlie decision making, as part of the new discipline of decision neuroscience. A primary goal of this emerging field has been to identify the processes that underlie specific decision variables, including the value of rewards, the uncertainty associated with particular outcomes, and the consequences of social interactions. Recent work suggests potential neural substrates that integrate these variables, potentially reflecting a common neural currency for value, to facilitate value comparisons. Despite the successes of decision neuroscience research for elucidating brain mechanisms, significant challenges remain. These include building new conceptual frameworks for decision making, integrating research findings across disparate techniques and species, and extending results from neuroscience to shape economic theory. To overcome these challenges, future research will likely focus on interpersonal variability in decision making, with the eventual goal of creating biologically plausible models for individual choice. WIREs Cogn Sci 2010 1 854-871 This article is categorized under: Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making Neuroscience > Cognition.
人类认知中，几乎没有哪个方面比我们做出的选择更具个人色彩。我们的决策——从日常琐事到极其复杂之事——不断塑造着我们的人生轨迹。近年来，作为决策神经科学这一新学科的一部分，研究人员运用神经科学工具来理解决策背后的机制。这一新兴领域的主要目标之一是确定特定决策变量背后的过程，包括奖励的价值、与特定结果相关的不确定性以及社会互动的后果。近期研究表明，存在整合这些变量的潜在神经基质，这可能反映了一种通用的价值神经货币，以促进价值比较。尽管决策神经科学研究在阐明大脑机制方面取得了成功，但仍面临重大挑战。这些挑战包括构建新的决策概念框架、整合不同技术和物种的研究结果，以及将神经科学的成果拓展以塑造经济理论。为克服这些挑战，未来研究可能会聚焦于决策中的人际差异，最终目标是创建关于个体选择的具有生物学合理性的模型。《WIREs认知科学》2010年第1期，854 - 871页 本文分类如下：心理学>推理与决策；神经科学>认知
