Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Oct 6;2021:8846483. doi: 10.1155/2021/8846483. eCollection 2021.
Apelin is an adipokine with an intermediatory role in obesity and insulin resistance, which can be modified by dietary intake.
In this study, we aimed to determine the association of the plasma fatty acid composition with apelin plasma concentration and gene expression in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues.
In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 179 patients aged 19-75 years who were candidates for elective surgery. Through the surgery, SAT and VAT were collected to measure apelin gene expression. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, and dietary intakes were collected before surgery. Free fatty acids (FFAs) in fasting whole plasma were measured using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Linear regression models were used to estimate standardized (STZ ) showing the association of individual and total FFAs with apelin gene expression after adjustment for potential confounding variables.
In multivariable analysis, we observed a significant positive association of total plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) (STZ = 0.241, = 0.006), saturated fatty acid (SFA) (STZ = 0.336, < 0.001), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (STZ = 0.313, < 0.001) concentrations with apelin gene expression from VAT after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), physical activity, and energy intake. In the SFA family, there was a direct association with plasma concentration of myristic acid (STZ = 0.372, < 0.001), pentadecanoic acid (STZ = 0.252, = 0.002), and heptadecanoic acid (STZ = 0.407, < 0.001) with apelin mRNA expression in VAT. There was no significant association between FFAs and apelin plasma concentration and SAT mRNA levels.
In conclusion, circulating plasma FFAs, SFA, and MUFA had a positive association with apelin gene expression in VAT. It seems that plasma fatty acid composition may regulate apelin gene expression in VAT.
Apelin 是一种脂肪因子，在肥胖和胰岛素抵抗中起中介作用，其可以通过饮食摄入进行调节。
本研究旨在确定血浆脂肪酸组成与内脏（VAT）和皮下（SAT）脂肪组织中 apelin 血浆浓度和基因表达的关系。
在这项横断面研究中，我们招募了 179 名年龄在 19-75 岁之间的择期手术患者。通过手术采集 SAT 和 VAT 以测量 apelin 基因表达。手术前采集人体测量学测量、空腹血样和饮食摄入数据。使用气相色谱法结合火焰离子化检测测量空腹全血浆中的游离脂肪酸（FFA）。采用线性回归模型估计标准化系数（STZ），以评估在调整潜在混杂变量后个体和总 FFA 与 apelin 基因表达的关联。
在多变量分析中，我们观察到总血浆游离脂肪酸（FFA）（STZ=0.241，=0.006）、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）（STZ=0.336，<0.001）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）（STZ=0.313，<0.001）浓度与 VAT 中 apelin 基因表达呈显著正相关，这些关联在控制年龄、性别、体重指数、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、身体活动和能量摄入后仍然存在。在 SFA 家族中，棕榈酸（STZ=0.372，<0.001）、十五烷酸（STZ=0.252，=0.002）和十七烷酸（STZ=0.407，<0.001）与 VAT 中 apelin mRNA 表达呈直接相关。FFA 与 apelin 血浆浓度和 SAT mRNA 水平之间无显著关联。
总之，循环血浆 FFA、SFA 和 MUFA 与 VAT 中 apelin 基因表达呈正相关。血浆脂肪酸组成可能调节 VAT 中 apelin 基因表达。
