Rosli Nur Ameera, Teow Yeit Haan, Mahmoudi Ebrahim
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (Cespro), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2021 Oct 15;22(1):885-907. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1978801. eCollection 2021.
Infectious diseases of bacterial and viral origins contribute to substantial mortality worldwide. Collaborative efforts have been underway between academia and the industry to develop technologies for a more effective treatment for such diseases. Due to their utility in various industrial applications, nanoparticles (NPs) offer promising potential as antimicrobial agents against bacterial and viral infections. NPs have been established to possess potent antimicrobial activities against various types of pathogens due to their unique characteristics and cell-damaging ability through several mechanisms. The recently accepted antimicrobial mechanisms possessed by NPs include metal ion release, oxidative stress induction, and non-oxidative mechanisms. Another merit of NPs lies in the low likelihood of the development of microbial tolerance towards NPs, given the multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against the pathogens targeting numerous gene mutations in these pathogens. Moreover, NPs provide a fascinating opportunity to curb microbial growth before infections: this outstanding feature has led to their utilization as active antimicrobial agents in different industrial applications, e.g. the coating of medical devices, incorporation in food packaging, promoting wound healing and encapsulation with other potential materials for wastewater treatment. This review discusses the progress and achievements in the antimicrobial applications of NPs, factors contributing to their actions, mechanisms underlying their efficiency, and risks of their applications, including the antimicrobial action of metal nanoclusters (NCs). The review concludes with a discussion of the restrictions on present studies and future prospects of nanotechnology-based NPs development.
细菌和病毒引起的传染病在全球造成了大量死亡。学术界和产业界一直在共同努力，开发更有效的治疗此类疾病的技术。由于纳米颗粒（NPs）在各种工业应用中的实用性，它们作为抗细菌和病毒感染的抗菌剂具有广阔的潜力。由于其独特的特性和通过多种机制破坏细胞的能力，NPs已被证实对各种类型的病原体具有强大的抗菌活性。NPs最近被认可的抗菌机制包括金属离子释放、氧化应激诱导和非氧化机制。NPs的另一个优点是微生物对其产生耐受性的可能性较低，因为它们针对病原体的多种同时作用机制针对这些病原体中的众多基因突变。此外，NPs提供了一个在感染前抑制微生物生长的绝佳机会：这一突出特性使其在不同工业应用中被用作活性抗菌剂，例如医疗设备的涂层、食品包装中的添加、促进伤口愈合以及与其他潜在材料封装用于废水处理。本文综述了NPs抗菌应用的进展和成就、其作用的影响因素、效率背后的机制以及应用风险，包括金属纳米团簇（NCs）的抗菌作用。综述最后讨论了当前研究的局限性以及基于纳米技术的NPs开发的未来前景。
