Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 13;18(20):10759. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010759.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to contain it have substantial consequences for many people, resulting in negative effects on individual well-being and mental health. In the current study, we examined whether individual changes in perceived stress relative to pre-pandemic levels depended on differences in behavior, appraisal, and experience of pandemic-related constraints. In addition, we tested whether this potential relationship was moderated by personality traits. We conducted an online survey during the end of the first lockdown in Germany in spring 2020, and assessed pandemic-related individual consequences as well as perceived stress. These data were related to the big five personality traits and to ratings of perceived stress obtained from the same participants in a study conducted before the outbreak of the pandemic, using the same standardized stress questionnaires. There was no overall increase, but a large interindividual variety in perceived stress relative to pre-pandemic levels. Increased stress was associated especially with strong feelings of missing. This relationship was moderated by agreeableness, with more agreeable people showing a higher association of the feeling of missing and the increase of perceived stress. In addition, openness and conscientiousness were positively correlated with an increase in stress. The results highlight the importance of considering personality and individual appraisals when examining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and well-being.
COVID-19 大流行及其控制措施对许多人产生了重大影响，对个人福祉和心理健康产生了负面影响。在本研究中，我们研究了个体感知压力相对于大流行前水平的变化是否取决于与大流行相关的限制的行为、评估和体验差异。此外，我们还测试了这种潜在的关系是否受到个性特征的调节。我们在 2020 年春季德国第一次封锁结束时进行了一项在线调查，评估了与大流行相关的个人后果以及感知压力。这些数据与五大人格特质以及在大流行爆发前使用相同的标准化压力问卷进行的同一参与者的感知压力评分有关。相对于大流行前的水平，感知压力没有总体增加，但个体间差异很大。压力增加与强烈的缺失感特别相关。这种关系受宜人性调节，更宜人性的人缺失感和感知压力增加的关联更高。此外，开放性和尽责性与压力增加呈正相关。研究结果强调了在研究 COVID-19 大流行对感知压力和幸福感的影响时，考虑个性和个体评估的重要性。
