and Genes Expression and Methylation Predict Changes in Circulating Levels of Adipokines and Gastrointestinal Peptides in Children.

Adipokines and gastrointestinal tract hormones are important metabolic parameters, and both epigenetic factors and differential gene expression patterns may be associated with the alterations in their concentrations in children. The function of the gene ( alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase) in the regulation of the global metabolic rate is well described, whereas the influence of protooncogene ( zinc finger) is still not fully understood. A cross-sectional study on a group of 26 children with various BMI values (15.3-41.7; median 28) was carried out. The aim was to evaluate the dependencies between the level of methylation and expression of aforementioned genes with the concentration of selected gastrointestinal tract hormones and adipokines in children. Expression and methylation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear DNA by a microarray technique and a restriction enzyme method, respectively. All peptide concentrations were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. The expression level of both and genes was statistically significantly related to the concentration of adipokines: negatively for apelin and leptin receptor, and positively for leptin. Furthermore, both methylation and expression negatively correlated with the concentration of resistin and visfatin. Cholecystokinin was negatively correlated, whereas fibroblast growth factor 21 positively correlated with methylation and expression of the gene, while and expression was negatively associated with the level of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1. The gene expression predicts an increase in leptin and decrease in ghrelin levels. Our results indicate that the gene correlates with the concentration of hormones produced by the adipose tissue and gastrointestinal tract, and gene may be involved in adiposity pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms still need to be clarified.