Institute of Burn Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Dec;8(24):e2102330. doi: 10.1002/advs.202102330. Epub 2021 Oct 24.
Immune modulation is one of the most effective approaches in the therapy of complex diseases, including public health emergency. However, most immune therapeutics such as drugs, vaccines, and cellular therapy suffer from the limitations of poor efficacy and adverse side effects. Fortunately, cell membrane-derived nanoparticles (CMDNs) have superior compatibility with other therapeutics and offer new opportunities to push the limits of current treatments in immune modulation. As the interface between cells and outer surroundings, cell membrane contains components which instruct intercellular communication and the plasticity of cytomembrane has significantly potentiated CMDNs to leverage our immune system. Therefore, cell membranes employed in immunomodulatory CMDNs have gradually shifted from natural to engineered. In this review, unique properties of immunomodulatory CMDNs and engineering strategies of emerging CMDNs for immune modulation, with an emphasis on the design logic are summarized. Further, this review points out some pressing problems to be solved during clinical translation and put forward some suggestions on the prospect of immunoregulatory CMDNs. It is anticipated that this review can provide new insights on the design of immunoregulatory CMDNs and expand their potentiation in the precise control of the dysregulated immune system.
免疫调节是治疗复杂疾病（包括公共卫生紧急情况）的最有效方法之一。然而，大多数免疫疗法，如药物、疫苗和细胞疗法，都存在疗效差和不良反应的局限性。幸运的是，细胞膜衍生的纳米颗粒（CMDNs）与其他疗法具有更好的兼容性，并为推动当前免疫调节治疗方法的极限提供了新的机会。作为细胞与外界环境之间的界面，细胞膜包含指导细胞间通讯的成分，细胞质膜的可塑性极大地增强了 CMDNs 的能力，使其能够利用我们的免疫系统。因此，用于免疫调节的 CMNDs 的细胞膜已逐渐从天然向工程化转变。在这篇综述中，总结了免疫调节型 CMNDs 的独特性质和新兴 CMNDs 的免疫调节工程策略，重点介绍了设计逻辑。此外，本文还指出了在临床转化过程中需要解决的一些紧迫问题，并对免疫调节型 CMNDs 的前景提出了一些建议。预计这篇综述能为免疫调节型 CMNDs 的设计提供新的见解，并扩大其在调控失调免疫系统方面的潜力。
