Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2021 Dec;65:154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.09.003. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
Understanding how organelles interact, exchange materials, assemble, disassemble, and evolve as a function of space, time, and environment is an exciting area at the very forefront of chemical and cell biology. Here, we bring attention to recent progress in the design and application of lipid-based tools to visualize and interrogate organelles in live cells, especially at super resolution. We highlight strategies that rely on modification of natural lipids or lipid-like small molecules ex cellula, where organelle specificity is provided by the structure of the chemically modified lipid, or in cellula using cellular machinery, where an enzyme labels the lipid in situ. We also describe recent improvements to the chemistry upon which lipid probes rely, many of which have already begun to broaden the scope of biological questions that can be addressed by imaging organelle membranes at the nanoscale.
理解细胞器如何相互作用、交换物质、组装、拆卸和进化，以及它们的功能如何受到空间、时间和环境的影响，是化学和细胞生物学领域最前沿的一个令人兴奋的领域。在这里，我们关注脂质为基础的工具的设计和应用的最新进展，这些工具可用于在活细胞中可视化和探究细胞器，特别是在超高分辨率下。我们强调了依赖于天然脂质或类脂小分子的修饰的策略，其中细胞器的特异性由化学修饰脂质的结构提供，或者在细胞内使用细胞机制，其中酶原位标记脂质。我们还描述了脂质探针所依赖的化学的最新进展，其中许多进展已经开始拓宽可以通过纳米尺度成像细胞器膜来解决的生物学问题的范围。
