Chrono-Environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 Aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France - Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France.
Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, Malzéville, 54220 Nancy, France - Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims Cedex, France.
Parasite. 2021;28:74. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2021073. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Echinococcus multilocularis eggs are deposited on the ground with the faeces of the carnivore definitive hosts. A reliable assessment of the spatial distribution of E. multilocularis eggs in environments used by humans is crucial for the prevention of alveolar echinococcosis (AE). This study was conducted in 192 rural and 71 urban vegetable gardens in AE endemic areas of north-eastern France. Its objective was to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of E. multilocularis estimated from the collection and molecular analysis of two types of samples: faeces and soil. A total of 1024 carnivore faeces and 463 soil samples were collected and analysed by real-time PCR. No fox droppings and no positive soil samples were collected from the urban gardens. Positive soil samples, positive carnivore faeces, or both, were found in 42%, 24% and 6% of the sampled rural gardens, respectively. No significant association was found between the detection of E. multilocularis in soil samples collected from 50 gardens during a single sampling session and the extent and frequency of deposits of fox and cat faeces collected during repeated sampling sessions conducted in the previous months. In 19/50 gardens, E. multilocularis was detected in the soil while no positive faeces had been collected in the previous 12 months. Conversely, in 8/50 gardens, no soil samples were positive although positive faeces had been collected in the previous months. Collecting and analysing faeces provide information on soil contamination at a given time, while analysing soil samples provides an overview of long-term contamination.
泡状带绦虫虫卵随肉食性终宿主的粪便排到地上。可靠评估泡状带绦虫虫卵在人类活动环境中的空间分布对泡型包虫病（AE）的预防至关重要。本研究在法国东北部 AE 流行地区的 192 个农村和 71 个城市菜园进行。其目的是探索从收集的两种类型的样本（粪便和土壤）的分子分析中估计泡状带绦虫空间分布之间的关系：粪便和土壤。共收集和分析了 1024 份肉食动物粪便和 463 份土壤样本。城市花园未收集到狐狸粪便和阳性土壤样本。在 42%、24%和 6%的农村菜园样本中分别发现了阳性土壤样本、阳性肉食动物粪便或两者兼而有之。在单次采样期间从 50 个花园中收集的土壤样本中检测到泡状带绦虫与在前几个月重复采样期间收集的狐狸和猫粪便的沉积程度和频率之间未发现显著关联。在 19/50 个花园中，在土壤中检测到泡状带绦虫，而在前 12 个月中未收集到阳性粪便。相反，在 8/50 个花园中，尽管在前几个月中收集到了阳性粪便，但土壤样本并未呈阳性。收集和分析粪便可提供特定时间土壤污染的信息，而分析土壤样本可提供长期污染的概述。
