Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Nutr Sci. 2021 Oct 12;10:e92. doi: 10.1017/jns.2021.84. eCollection 2021.
Lifestyle score approaches combining individual lifestyle factors, e.g. favourable diet, physical activity or normal body weight, showed inverse associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, research mainly focussed on adult behaviour and is scarce for vulnerable time windows for adult health like adolescence. We investigated associations between an adolescent lifestyle score and CVD risk markers in young adulthood. Overall, we analysed 270 participants of the open DONALD cohort study with 1-6 complete measurements of five lifestyle factors (healthy diet, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration and BMI standard deviation score) during adolescence (females: 8⋅5-15⋅5 years and males: 9⋅5-16⋅5 years). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the prospective association between the adolescent lifestyle score (0-5 points) and CVD risk markers in young adulthood (18-30 years). On average, participants obtained a mean adolescent lifestyle score of 2⋅9 (0-5) points. Inverse associations between the adolescent lifestyle score and waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and percentage of body fat were observed (4⋅1, 4⋅1 and 9⋅2 % decrease per 1 point increase in adolescent lifestyle score, respectively, < 0⋅05). For the remaining CVD risk markers (glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure and a proinflammatory score), no associations were observed. A healthy adolescent lifestyle is particularly associated with CVD risk-related favourable anthropometric markers in adulthood. A more comprehensive understanding of lifestyle patterns in the life course might enable earlier, targeted preventive measures to assist vulnerable groups in prevention of chronic diseases.
生活方式评分方法结合了个体的生活方式因素，例如良好的饮食、身体活动或正常体重，与心血管疾病（CVD）风险呈负相关。然而，研究主要集中在成年人的行为上，对于成年人健康的脆弱窗口期，如青春期，相关研究则很少。我们调查了青少年生活方式评分与青年期 CVD 风险标志物之间的关联。总体而言，我们分析了 DONALD 开放性队列研究的 270 名参与者，这些参与者在青春期（女性：8.5-15.5 岁，男性：9.5-16.5 岁）期间有 1-6 次完整的五种生活方式因素（健康饮食、中等到剧烈的身体活动、久坐行为、睡眠时间和 BMI 标准差评分）的测量数据。采用多变量线性回归模型来研究青少年生活方式评分（0-5 分）与青年期（18-30 岁） CVD 风险标志物之间的前瞻性关联。平均而言，参与者的青少年生活方式评分为 2.9（0-5）分。青少年生活方式评分与腰围、腰高比和体脂百分比呈负相关（分别降低 4.1%、4.1%和 9.2%，每增加 1 分青少年生活方式评分，<0.05）。对于其余的 CVD 风险标志物（血糖、血脂、血压和促炎评分），则没有观察到相关性。健康的青少年生活方式与成年后与 CVD 风险相关的有利人体测量标志物特别相关。更全面地了解生命历程中的生活方式模式可能使早期、有针对性的预防措施能够帮助弱势群体预防慢性疾病。
