Farthing Trevor S, Dawson Daniel E, Sanderson Mike W, Seger Hannah, Lanzas Cristina
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2021 Oct 6;8(10):210328. doi: 10.1098/rsos.210328. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Enteric microparasites like use multiple transmission pathways to propagate within and between host populations. Characterizing the relative transmission risk attributable to host social relationships and direct physical contact between individuals is paramount for understanding how microparasites like spread within affected communities and estimating colonization rates. To measure these effects, we carried out commensal transmission experiments in two cattle () herds, wherein all individuals were equipped with real-time location tracking devices. Following transmission experiments in this model system, we derived temporally dynamic social and contact networks from location data. Estimated social affiliations and dyadic contact frequencies during transmission experiments informed pairwise accelerated failure time models that we used to quantify effects of these sociobehavioural variables on weekly colonization risk in these populations. We found that sociobehavioural variables alone were ultimately poor predictors of colonization in feedlot cattle, but can have significant effects on colonization hazard rates ( ≤ 0.05). We show, however, that observed effects were not consistent between similar populations. This work demonstrates that transmission experiments can be combined with real-time location data collection and processing procedures to create an effective framework for quantifying sociobehavioural effects on microparasite transmission.
像这样的肠道微寄生虫利用多种传播途径在宿主群体内部和群体之间传播。确定宿主社会关系和个体之间直接身体接触所导致的相对传播风险，对于理解像这样的微寄生虫如何在受影响社区内传播以及估计定殖率至关重要。为了衡量这些影响，我们在两个牛群中进行了共生传播实验，其中所有个体都配备了实时定位跟踪设备。在这个模型系统中进行传播实验后，我们从位置数据中得出了随时间动态变化的社会和接触网络。传播实验期间估计的社会关系和二元接触频率为成对加速失效时间模型提供了信息，我们用这些模型来量化这些社会行为变量对这些群体中每周定殖风险的影响。我们发现，仅社会行为变量最终并不能很好地预测饲养场牛的定殖情况，但对定殖危险率可能有显著影响（P≤0.05）。然而，我们表明，在相似群体之间观察到的影响并不一致。这项工作表明，传播实验可以与实时位置数据收集和处理程序相结合，以创建一个有效的框架来量化社会行为对微寄生虫传播的影响。
