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巯基化纳米颗粒在生物医学中的应用：模拟我们身体的主力军。

Thiolated Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Mimicking the Workhorses of Our Body.

机构信息

Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.

Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.

出版信息

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Jan;9(1):e2102451. doi: 10.1002/advs.202102451. Epub 2021 Nov 12.

DOI:10.1002/advs.202102451
PMID:34773391
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8728822/
Abstract

Advances in nanotechnology have generated a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs) for numerous biomedical applications. Among the various properties of NPs are functionalities being related to thiol substructures. Numerous biological processes that are mediated by cysteine or cystine subunits of proteins representing the workhorses of the bodies can be transferred to NPs. This review focuses on the interface between thiol chemistry and NPs. Pros and cons of different techniques for thiolation of NPs are discussed. Furthermore, the various functionalities gained by thiolation are highlighted. These include overall bio- and mucoadhesive, cellular uptake enhancing, and permeation enhancing properties. Drugs being either covalently attached to thiolated NPs via disulfide bonds or being entrapped in thiolated polymeric NPs that are stabilized via inter- and intrachain crosslinking can be released at the diseased tissue or in target cells under reducing conditions. Moreover, drugs, targeting ligands, biological analytes, and enzymes bearing thiol substructures can be immobilized on noble metal NPs and quantum dots for therapeutic, theranostic, diagnostic, biosensing, and analytical reasons. Within this review a concise summary and analysis of the current knowledge, future directions, and potential clinical use of thiolated NPs are provided.

摘要

纳米技术的进步产生了广泛的纳米颗粒 (NPs)，可用于众多生物医学应用。NPs 的各种特性之一是与巯基结构相关的功能。许多由蛋白质的半胱氨酸或胱氨酸亚基介导的生物过程可以转移到 NPs 上。本综述重点介绍了巯基化学与 NPs 之间的界面。讨论了不同 NPs 巯基化技术的优缺点。此外，还强调了巯基化获得的各种功能。这些功能包括整体的生物和黏膜黏附性、增强细胞摄取和增强渗透性能。通过二硫键将药物共价连接到巯基化的 NPs 上，或者将药物包埋在通过链间和链内交联稳定的巯基化聚合物 NPs 中，可以在患病组织或靶细胞中在还原条件下释放药物。此外，具有巯基结构的药物、靶向配体、生物分析物和酶可以固定在贵金属 NPs 和量子点上，用于治疗、治疗诊断、诊断、生物传感和分析目的。在这篇综述中，提供了对巯基化 NPs 的当前知识、未来方向和潜在临床应用的简明总结和分析。

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