Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
Int J Med Sci. 2021 Sep 21;18(16):3697-3707. doi: 10.7150/ijms.61080. eCollection 2021.
Bone is an active tissue, being constantly renewed in healthy individuals with participation of the immune system to a large extent. Any imbalance between the processes of bone formation and bone resorption is linked to various inflammatory bone diseases. The immune system plays an important role in tissue formation and bone resorption. Recently, many studies have demonstrated complex interactions between the immune and skeletal systems. Both of immune cells and cytokines contribute to the regulation of bone homeostasis, and bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, also influence the cellular functions of immune cells. These crosstalk mechanisms between the bone and immune system finally emerged, forming a new field of research called osteoimmunology. Therefore, the immune microenvironment is crucial in determining the speed and outcome of bone healing, repair, and regeneration. In this review, we summarise the role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration from the aspects of immune cells and immune cytokines. The elucidation of immune mechanisms involved in the process of bone regeneration would provide new therapeutic targets for improving the curative effects of bone injury treatment.
骨骼是一种活跃的组织，在健康个体中，免疫系统在很大程度上参与了骨骼的不断更新。任何骨形成和骨吸收过程之间的失衡都与各种炎症性骨病有关。免疫系统在组织形成和骨吸收中发挥着重要作用。最近，许多研究表明，免疫系统和骨骼系统之间存在复杂的相互作用。免疫细胞和细胞因子都有助于骨稳态的调节，骨细胞，包括成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞，也影响免疫细胞的细胞功能。骨骼和免疫系统之间的这些串扰机制最终形成了一个新的研究领域，称为骨免疫学。因此，免疫微环境对于确定骨愈合、修复和再生的速度和结果至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们从免疫细胞和免疫细胞因子两个方面总结了免疫微环境在骨再生中的作用。阐明参与骨再生过程的免疫机制将为改善骨损伤治疗的疗效提供新的治疗靶点。
