Czwojdzińska Marta, Terpińska Małgorzata, Kuźniarski Amadeusz, Płaczkowska Sylwia, Piwowar Agnieszka
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Clinical Hospital, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Diagnostic Laboratory for Teaching and Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Biomed J. 2021 Dec;44(6 Suppl 1):S25-S36. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.11.006. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Atmospheric contamination, especially particulate matter (PM), can be associated viral infections connected with respiratory failure. Literature data indicates that intensity of SARS-CoV-2 infections worldwide can be associated with PM pollution levels.
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between atmospheric contamination, measured as PM2.5 and PM10 levels, and the number of COVID-19 cases and related deaths in Poland in a one-year observation study.
Number and geographical distribution of COVID-19 incidents and related deaths, as well as PM2.5 and PM10 exposure levels in Poland were obtained from publicly accessible databases. Average monthly values of these parameters for individual provinces were calculated. Multiple regression analysis was performed for the period between March 2020 and February 2021, taking into account average monthly exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, monthly COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants and the population density across Polish provinces.
Only December 2020 the number of new infections was significantly related to the three analyzed factors: PM2.5, population density and the number of laboratory COVID-19 tests (R = 0.882). For COVID-19 mortality, a model with all three significant factors: PM10, population density and number of tests was obtained as significant only in November 2020 (R = 0.468).
The distribution of COVID-19 incidents across Poland was independent from annual levels of particulate matter concentration in provinces. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality in different provinces only in certain months. Other cofactors such as population density and the number of performed COVID-19 tests also corresponded with both COVID-19-related infections and deaths only in certain months. Particulate matter should not be treated as the sole determinant of the spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic but its importance in the incidence of infectious diseases should not be forgotten.
大气污染，尤其是颗粒物（PM），可能与导致呼吸衰竭的病毒感染有关。文献数据表明，全球范围内严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的强度可能与PM污染水平有关。
本研究的目的是在一项为期一年的观察性研究中，探讨以PM2.5和PM10水平衡量的大气污染与波兰新冠肺炎病例数及相关死亡人数之间的关系。
从公开可用的数据库中获取波兰新冠肺炎事件及相关死亡的数量和地理分布，以及PM2.5和PM10暴露水平。计算了各省份这些参数的月平均值。对2020年3月至2021年2月期间进行了多元回归分析，考虑了每月PM2.5和PM10的平均暴露量、每10万居民的每月新冠肺炎发病率和死亡率以及波兰各省的人口密度。
仅在2020年12月，新感染病例数与三个分析因素显著相关：PM2.5、人口密度和实验室新冠肺炎检测次数（R = 0.882）。对于新冠肺炎死亡率，包含所有三个显著因素（PM10、人口密度和检测次数）的模型仅在2020年11月具有显著性（R = 0.468）。
波兰新冠肺炎事件的分布与各省颗粒物浓度的年度水平无关。仅在某些月份，PM2.5和PM10暴露与不同省份的新冠肺炎发病率和死亡率相关。其他辅助因素，如人口密度和新冠肺炎检测次数，也仅在某些月份与新冠肺炎相关感染和死亡相关。颗粒物不应被视为新冠肺炎大流行传播和严重程度的唯一决定因素，但其在传染病发病率中的重要性不应被忽视。
