College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
Anal Chem. 2022 Jan 11;94(1):165-176. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03104. Epub 2021 Nov 20.
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the survival environment for tumor cells to proliferate and metastasize in deep tissue. TME contains tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells and a variety of active molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inside the TME, ROS regulate the oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis and promote oxidative stress. Due to the rapid proliferation ability and specific metabolic patterns of the TME, ROS pervade virtually all complex physiological processes and play irreplaceable roles in protein modification, signal transduction, metabolism, and energy production in various tumors. Therefore, measurements of the dynamically, multicomponent simultaneous changes of ROS in the TME are of great significance to reveal the detailed proliferation and metastasis mechanisms of the tumor. Near-infrared (NIR) and two-photon (TP) fluorescence imaging techniques possess real-time, dynamic, highly sensitive, and highly signal-to-noise ratios with deep tissue penetration abilities. With the rationally designed probes, the NIR and TP fluorescence imaging techniques have been widely used to reveal the mechanisms of how ROS regulates and constructs complex signals and metabolic networks in TME. Therefore, we summarize the design principles and performances of NIR and TP fluorescence imaging of ROS in the TME in the last four years, as well as discuss the advantages and potentials of these works. This Review can provide guidance and prospects for future research work on TME and facilitate the development of antitumor drugs.
肿瘤微环境（TME）是肿瘤细胞在深部组织中增殖和转移的生存环境。TME 包含肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞、基质细胞和各种活性分子，包括活性氧物种（ROS）。在 TME 中，ROS 调节氧化还原（redox）平衡并促进氧化应激。由于 TME 具有快速增殖能力和特定的代谢模式，ROS 几乎渗透到所有复杂的生理过程中，在各种肿瘤的蛋白质修饰、信号转导、代谢和能量产生中发挥着不可替代的作用。因此，测量 TME 中 ROS 的动态、多组分同时变化对于揭示肿瘤的详细增殖和转移机制具有重要意义。近红外（NIR）和双光子（TP）荧光成像技术具有实时、动态、高灵敏度和高信噪比的特点，并具有穿透深层组织的能力。通过合理设计的探针，NIR 和 TP 荧光成像技术已广泛用于揭示 ROS 如何调节和构建 TME 中复杂信号和代谢网络的机制。因此，我们总结了过去四年中 TME 中 ROS 的 NIR 和 TP 荧光成像的设计原则和性能，并讨论了这些工作的优势和潜力。这篇综述可为 TME 的未来研究工作提供指导和展望，并促进抗肿瘤药物的发展。
