Halsøy Øyvind, Johnson Sverre Urnes, Hoffart Asle, Ebrahimi Omid V
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Nov 5;12:762799. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.762799. eCollection 2021.
This empirical study aims to investigate factors associated with insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in 4,921 Norwegian adults. Participants were queried across two time-points, between March 31 and April the 7th 2020, and between June 22nd and July 13th, 2020. Relevant risk factors and psychological correlates at the first time-point and insomnia symptoms were measured 3 months later, allowing for the investigation of concurrent associations as well as associations across time. Insomnia symptoms were measured with the Bergen Insomnia Scale. The results revealed that individuals reported higher mean levels of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown, compared to pre-pandemic surveys from 2008 ( < 0.0001, Cohen's = 0.29). Individuals who predominantly socially distanced reported higher mean levels of insomnia symptoms than those who did not predominantly distance. Females, individuals with lower education levels, individuals who had lost their job, and individuals who declared having been diagnosed with an unspecified pre-existing psychiatric disorder reported the most symptoms. The regression model (R = 0.44) showed that physical exercise, was associated with less symptoms of insomnia. Symptoms of health Anxiety, symptoms of depression, unhelpful coping strategies, worry about job and economy, and older age were all associated with higher levels of insomnia symptoms. These findings highlight particularly vulnerable subgroups, as well as providing clinicians with key areas of intervention to help individuals suffering from insomnia symptoms.
这项实证研究旨在调查4921名挪威成年人在新冠疫情期间与失眠症状相关的因素。研究对象在两个时间点接受了询问，分别是2020年3月31日至4月7日，以及2020年6月22日至7月13日。在第一个时间点测量相关风险因素和心理关联因素，并在3个月后测量失眠症状，以便研究同时发生的关联以及跨时间的关联。失眠症状采用卑尔根失眠量表进行测量。结果显示，与2008年疫情前的调查相比，个体在新冠疫情封锁期间报告的失眠症状平均水平更高（<0.0001，科恩d值=0.29）。主要进行社交距离隔离的个体报告的失眠症状平均水平高于未主要进行社交距离隔离的个体。女性、教育水平较低的个体、失业的个体以及宣称被诊断患有未指明的既往精神疾病的个体报告的症状最多。回归模型（R=0.44）显示，体育锻炼与较少的失眠症状相关。健康焦虑症状、抑郁症状、无益的应对策略、对工作和经济的担忧以及年龄较大均与较高水平的失眠症状相关。这些发现突出了特别脆弱亚组，同时也为临床医生提供了关键干预领域，以帮助患有失眠症状的个体。
