Vergara Amado Manuel Canales, Martínez Amparo Martínez, Bermejo Juan Vicente Delgado, Macri Martina, Nájera Pablo Rigoberto Andino, Duchi Nelson Antonio Duchi, Vargas Paula Alexandra Toalombo
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
Group of Research, Conservation and Management of Natural Resources of Ecuador, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur Km 1 1 2, Riobamba EC-060155, Ecuador.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Nov 20;11(11):3322. doi: 10.3390/ani11113322.
Domestic pig breeds reached America on the second Columbus trip; from this date, Iberian pig genetic resources were disseminated throughout the continent, forming diverse creole breeds. These Ecuadorian Creole pigs are important for food production but have been genetically eroded since the introduction of transboundary breeds. In this study, we sought to characterize this erosion more thoroughly through mitochondrial DNA D-Loop analysis of Ecuadorian Pillareño Creole pigs from seven regions of Ecuador. To allow comparison, we also included in our analysis sequences from wild species, commercial lines, and domestic pigs, which were obtained from the NCBI GenBank database. Creole pigs' population showed overall moderate Hd values and low π values, and a negative value of Tajima's D was observed. The greatest differentiation from the Ecuadorian Pillareño Creole pigs was observed between Asian wild and Asian domestic pigs. The haplotype analysis revealed three different phylogenetic clades (A, E I, and E II) and 65 haplotypes. Ecuadorian Creole populations were grouped into nine haplotypes for Clade E I and E II, which have not previously been reported for Creole Pillareño populations. Our analysis indicates that in the establishment of Creole Pillareño pigs, individuals most likely separated from the Asian pig population and appear to be genetically influenced by European and Iberian populations raised in Spain.
家猪品种在哥伦布第二次航行时抵达美洲；从那时起，伊比利亚猪的遗传资源就在整个大陆传播开来，形成了各种克里奥尔猪品种。这些厄瓜多尔克里奥尔猪对粮食生产很重要，但自引入跨界品种以来，其基因已受到侵蚀。在本研究中，我们试图通过对来自厄瓜多尔七个地区的皮利亚雷诺克里奥尔猪进行线粒体DNA D环分析，更全面地描述这种侵蚀情况。为了进行比较，我们还在分析中纳入了从NCBI基因库数据库获得的野生物种、商业品系和家猪的序列。克里奥尔猪群体总体上显示出中等的单倍型多样性（Hd）值和较低的核苷酸多样性（π）值，并且观察到Tajima's D值为负。在亚洲野猪和亚洲家猪之间观察到与厄瓜多尔皮利亚雷诺克里奥尔猪的最大差异。单倍型分析揭示了三个不同的系统发育分支（A、E I和E II）和65个单倍型。厄瓜多尔克里奥尔猪群体被分为E I和E II分支的九个单倍型，这些单倍型以前在皮利亚雷诺克里奥尔猪群体中未曾报道过。我们的分析表明，在皮利亚雷诺克里奥尔猪的形成过程中，个体很可能与亚洲猪群体分离，并且似乎受到西班牙饲养的欧洲和伊比利亚群体的基因影响。
