Hady Kelly K, Okorie Caroline U A
Department of Pediatrics, Valley Children's Healthcare, Fresno, CA 93636, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Children (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;8(11):979. doi: 10.3390/children8110979.
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder of breathing during sleep, characterized by intermittent or prolonged upper airway obstruction that can disrupt normal ventilation and/or sleep patterns. It can affect an estimated 2-4% of children worldwide. Untreated OSAS can have far reaching consequences on a child's health, including low mood and concentration as well as metabolic derangements and pulmonary vascular disease. Most children are treated with surgical intervention (e.g., first-line therapy, adenotonsillectomy); however, for those for whom surgery is not indicated or desired, or for those with postoperative residual OSAS, positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is often employed. PAP therapy can be used to relieve upper airway obstruction as well as aid in ventilation. PAP therapy is effective in treatment of OSAS in children and adults, although with pediatric patients, additional considerations and limitations exist. Active management and care for various considerations important to pediatric patients with OSAS can allow PAP to be an effective and safe therapy in this population.
小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）是一种睡眠期间的呼吸障碍，其特征为间歇性或持续性上呼吸道阻塞，可扰乱正常通气和/或睡眠模式。全球约2%-4%的儿童可能受其影响。未经治疗的OSAS会对儿童健康产生深远影响，包括情绪低落、注意力不集中以及代谢紊乱和肺血管疾病。大多数儿童接受手术干预治疗（如一线治疗、腺样体扁桃体切除术）；然而，对于那些不适合或不希望进行手术的儿童，或术后仍有残余OSAS的儿童，常采用气道正压（PAP）治疗。PAP治疗可用于缓解上呼吸道阻塞并辅助通气。PAP治疗对儿童和成人的OSAS均有效，不过对于儿科患者，还存在其他需要考虑的因素和限制。对OSAS儿科患者的各种重要因素进行积极管理和护理，可使PAP成为该人群有效且安全的治疗方法。
