School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 21;18(22):12225. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182212225.
Adherence to smoking cessation medications (SCMs) improve the rate of successful quitting. This study aimed to evaluate the level of adherence to SCMs and associated factors among smokers and ex-smokers in Australia.
A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Australia. Descriptive statistics were used to present the overall characteristics of participants. Cross-tabulation with Pearson's chi-square test was performed to evaluate the possible associations between factors. To explore barriers and facilitators of adherence to SCMs, logistic regressions were conducted.
Among 201 participants, 57 (28.4%) were found to be adherent to SCMs. The odds of being adherent were found to be higher among participants with good social support (AOR = 3.28, 95% CI of 2.30-6.27). Participants who did not experience anxiety symptoms had higher odds of being adherent to SCMs as compared to smokers who had anxiety symptoms (AOR = 4.41, 95% CI of 3.64-14.68). Having previous experience of using SCMs improved adherence four-fold (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI of 1.11-13.44). Level of nicotine dependence showed a direct association with adherence (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI of 1.40-8.95). Not relapsing while on the medications improved adherence (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI of 1.21-6.88).
In a study of smokers and ex-smokers in Australia, the self-reported level of adherence to SCMs was found to be low. Adherence was associated with social, psychological, and medication-related factors. Smoking cessation interventions are recommended to include strategies that can address medication adherence.
戒烟药物（SCM）的依从性提高了成功戒烟的比例。本研究旨在评估澳大利亚吸烟者和戒烟者对 SCM 的依从性水平及其相关因素。
采用在线问卷调查的方法进行了一项横断面研究。采用描述性统计方法呈现参与者的总体特征。采用卡方检验进行交叉表分析，评估各因素之间的可能关联。采用逻辑回归探索 SCM 依从性的障碍和促进因素。
在 201 名参与者中，有 57 名（28.4%）被发现对 SCM 具有依从性。具有良好社会支持的参与者对 SCM 的依从性更高（OR = 3.28，95%可信区间为 2.30-6.27）。与有焦虑症状的吸烟者相比，没有焦虑症状的参与者对 SCM 的依从性更高（OR = 4.41，95%可信区间为 3.64-14.68）。有使用 SCM 既往经验的参与者对 SCM 的依从性提高了四倍（OR = 3.87，95%可信区间为 1.11-13.44）。尼古丁依赖水平与依从性呈直接关联（OR = 3.53，95%可信区间为 1.40-8.95）。在用药期间未复发可提高依从性（OR = 2.88，95%可信区间为 1.21-6.88）。
在澳大利亚的一项吸烟者和戒烟者研究中，发现对 SCM 的自我报告依从性水平较低。依从性与社会、心理和药物相关因素有关。建议将包括解决药物依从性的策略纳入戒烟干预措施中。
