Low Sze Shin, Ji Daizong, Chai Wai Siong, Liu Jingjing, Khoo Kuan Shiong, Salmanpour Sadegh, Karimi Fatemeh, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Show Pau Loke
Research Centre of Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Micromachines (Basel). 2021 Nov 17;12(11):1409. doi: 10.3390/mi12111409.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important non-coding, single-stranded RNAs possessing crucial regulating roles in human body. Therefore, miRNAs have received extensive attention from various disciplines as the aberrant expression of miRNAs are tightly related to different types of diseases. Furthermore, the exceptional stability of miRNAs has presented them as biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity. However, small size, high sequence similarity, low abundance of miRNAs impose difficulty in their detection. Hence, it is of utmost importance to develop accurate and sensitive method for miRNA biosensing. Electrochemical biosensors have been demonstrated as promising solution for miRNA detection as they are highly sensitive, facile, and low-cost with ease of miniaturization. The incorporation of nanomaterials to electrochemical biosensor offers excellent prospects for converting biological recognition events to electronic signal for the development of biosensing platform with desired sensing properties due to their unique properties. This review introduces the signal amplification strategies employed in miRNA electrochemical biosensor and presents the feasibility of different strategies. The recent advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of miRNA were also discussed and summarized based on different types of miRNAs, opening new approaches in biological analysis and early disease diagnosis. Lastly, the challenges and future prospects are discussed.
微小RNA（miRNA）是重要的非编码单链RNA，在人体中发挥着关键的调节作用。因此，由于miRNA的异常表达与不同类型的疾病密切相关，它受到了各个学科的广泛关注。此外，miRNA的非凡稳定性使其成为具有高特异性和敏感性的生物标志物。然而，miRNA体积小、序列相似度高、丰度低，给其检测带来了困难。因此，开发准确、灵敏的miRNA生物传感方法至关重要。电化学生物传感器已被证明是检测miRNA的有前景的解决方案，因为它们高度灵敏、操作简便、成本低且易于小型化。由于纳米材料具有独特的性质，将其与电化学生物传感器相结合，为将生物识别事件转化为电子信号以开发具有所需传感特性的生物传感平台提供了绝佳的前景。本文综述了miRNA电化学生物传感器中采用的信号放大策略，并阐述了不同策略的可行性。还基于不同类型的miRNA对基于纳米材料的miRNA电化学生物传感器的最新进展进行了讨论和总结，为生物分析和疾病早期诊断开辟了新途径。最后，讨论了面临的挑战和未来前景。
