Zgonik Vera, Mulec Janez, Eleršek Tina, Ogrinc Nives, Jamnik Polona, Ulrih Nataša Poklar
Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Karst Research Institute, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 6230 Postojna, Slovenia.
Microorganisms. 2021 Nov 10;9(11):2326. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9112326.
Extremophiles inhabit a wide variety of environments. Here we focus on extremophiles in moderate climates in central Europe, and particularly in Slovenia. Although multiple types of stress often occur in the same habitat, extremophiles are generally combined into groups according to the main stressor to which they are adapted. Several types of extremophiles, e.g., oligotrophs, are well represented and diverse in subsurface environments and karst regions. Psychrophiles thrive in ice caves and depressions with eternal snow and ice, with several globally distributed snow algae and psychrophilic bacteria that have been discovered in alpine glaciers. However, this area requires further research. Halophiles thrive in salterns while thermophiles inhabit thermal springs, although there is little data on such microorganisms in central Europe, despite many taxa being found globally. This review also includes the potential use of extremophiles in biotechnology and bioremediation applications.
极端微生物栖息于各种各样的环境中。在这里，我们关注中欧温和气候地区，特别是斯洛文尼亚的极端微生物。尽管同一栖息地常常会出现多种类型的压力，但极端微生物通常是根据它们所适应的主要压力源被归为不同的类别。几种类型的极端微生物，例如贫营养微生物，在地下环境和喀斯特地区有丰富的种类且具有多样性。嗜冷微生物在冰洞以及有终年冰雪的洼地中繁衍生息，在高山冰川中已发现了几种全球分布的雪藻和嗜冷细菌。然而，这一领域仍需进一步研究。嗜盐微生物在盐田中大量繁殖，嗜热微生物则栖息于温泉中，尽管在中欧关于此类微生物的数据很少，尽管在全球已发现了许多分类单元。这篇综述还包括极端微生物在生物技术和生物修复应用中的潜在用途。
