Wesełucha-Birczyńska Aleksandra, Kołodziej Anna, Świętek Małgorzata, Skalniak Łukasz, Długoń Elżbieta, Pajda Maria, Błażewicz Marta
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Oct 28;11(11):2890. doi: 10.3390/nano11112890.
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biocompatible resorbable material, but its use is limited due to the fact that it is characterized by the lack of cell adhesion to its surface. Various chemical and physical methods are described in the literature, as well as modifications with various nanoparticles aimed at giving it such surface properties that would positively affect cell adhesion. Nanomaterials, in the form of membranes, were obtained by the introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and functionalized nanotubes, MWCNTs-f) as well as electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs, and functionalized nanofibers, ESCNFs-f) into a PCL matrix. Their properties were compared with that of reference, unmodified PCL membrane. Human osteoblast-like cell line, U-2 OS (expressing green fluorescent protein, GFP) was seeded on the evaluated nanomaterial membranes at relatively low confluency and cultured in the standard cell culture conditions. The attachment and the growth of the cell populations on the polymer and nanocomposite samples were monitored throughout the first week of culture with fluorescence microscopy. Simultaneously, Raman microspectroscopy was also used to track the dependence of U-2 OS cell development on the type of nanomaterial, and it has proven to be the best method for the early detection of nanomaterial/cell interactions. The differentiation of interactions depending on the type of nanoadditive is indicated by the ν(COC) vibration range, which indicates the interaction with PCL membranes with carbon nanotubes, while it is irrelevant for PCL with carbon nanofibers, for which no changes are observed. The vibration range ω(CH) indicates the interaction for PCL with carbon nanofibers with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the area ν(C=O) increases for PCL/MWCNTs and for PCL/MWCNTs-f, while it decreases for PCL/ESCNFs and for PCL/ESCNFs-f with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the membranes, which is determined by Raman microspectroscopy, allows for the assessment of polymer structure changes and their degradability caused by the secretion of cell products into the ECM and the differentiation of interactions depending on the carbon nanostructure. The obtained nanocomposite membranes are promising bioactive materials.
聚（ε-己内酯）（PCL）是一种生物相容性可吸收材料，但其应用受到限制，因为其特点是表面缺乏细胞粘附性。文献中描述了各种化学和物理方法，以及用各种纳米颗粒进行的改性，目的是赋予其能对细胞粘附产生积极影响的表面性质。通过将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs和功能化纳米管，MWCNTs-f）以及电纺碳纳米纤维（ESCNFs和功能化纳米纤维，ESCNFs-f）引入PCL基质中，获得了膜形式的纳米材料。将它们的性能与未改性的PCL参考膜进行了比较。将人成骨样细胞系U-2 OS（表达绿色荧光蛋白，GFP）以相对较低的汇合度接种在评估的纳米材料膜上，并在标准细胞培养条件下培养。在培养的第一周内，用荧光显微镜监测细胞群体在聚合物和纳米复合材料样品上的附着和生长情况。同时，还使用拉曼显微光谱来追踪U-2 OS细胞发育对纳米材料类型的依赖性，并且已证明它是早期检测纳米材料/细胞相互作用的最佳方法。取决于纳米添加剂类型的相互作用差异由ν（COC）振动范围表示，该范围表明与含碳纳米管的PCL膜的相互作用，而对于含碳纳米纤维的PCL则无关，对此未观察到变化。振动范围ω（CH）表明含碳纳米纤维的PCL与接种细胞的相互作用。对于接种细胞的PCL/MWCNTs和PCL/MWCNTs-f，ν（C=O）区域的结晶度增加，而对于PCL/ESCNFs和PCL/ESCNFs-f则降低。通过拉曼显微光谱确定的膜的结晶度允许评估聚合物结构的变化及其由细胞产物分泌到细胞外基质中引起的降解性，以及取决于碳纳米结构的相互作用差异。所获得的纳米复合膜是有前景的生物活性材料。
