Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus Baixada Santista, Santos 11015-020, Brazil.
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina 56328-900, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 24;13(11):3757. doi: 10.3390/nu13113757.
Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, which is associated with a reduced quality of life, particularly in older females. Resistance training (RT) is well established to be an effective intervention to counter indices of sarcopenia. Accumulating research indicates that the addition of creatine supplementation (Cr) to RT augments gains in muscle strength and muscle mass, compared to RT alone. However, some evidence indicates that sex differences may alter the effectiveness of Cr. Therefore, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of Cr + RT on measures of upper- and lower-body strength and muscle mass in older females. A systematic literature search was performed in nine electronic databases. Ten RCTs ( = 211 participants) were included the review. Overall, Cr significantly increased measures of upper-body strength (7 studies, = 142, = 0.04), with no effect on lower-body strength or measures of muscle mass. Sub-analyses revealed that both upper-body (4 studies, = 97, = 0.05) and lower-body strength (4 studies, = 100, = 0.03) were increased by Cr, compared to placebo in studies ≥ 24 weeks in duration. In conclusion, older females supplementing with Cr experience significant gains in muscle strength, especially when RT lasts for at least 24 weeks in duration. However, given the level of evidence, future high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
肌肉减少症是指与生活质量下降相关的与年龄相关的肌肉力量和肌肉质量的丧失，尤其是在老年女性中。阻力训练（RT）被证实是对抗肌肉减少症指标的有效干预措施。越来越多的研究表明，与单独进行 RT 相比，补充肌酸（Cr）可增强肌肉力量和肌肉质量的增加。然而，一些证据表明，性别差异可能会改变 Cr 的有效性。因此，我们系统地回顾了随机对照试验（RCT），以调查 Cr + RT 对老年女性上半身和下半身力量和肌肉质量的影响。在九个电子数据库中进行了系统的文献检索。该综述纳入了 10 项 RCT（= 211 名参与者）。总体而言，Cr 显著增加了上半身力量的测量值（7 项研究，= 142，= 0.04），对下半身力量或肌肉质量的测量值没有影响。亚分析显示，Cr 可使上半身（4 项研究，= 97，= 0.05）和下半身力量（4 项研究，= 100，= 0.03）均增加，与持续时间至少 24 周的安慰剂相比。总之，补充 Cr 的老年女性肌肉力量明显增加，尤其是在 RT 持续时间至少 24 周的情况下。然而，考虑到证据水平，需要进行未来的高质量研究来证实这些发现。
