Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
Department of Family Medicine, Lianan Wellness Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
Nutrients. 2021 Nov 5;13(11):3952. doi: 10.3390/nu13113952.
Plant-based diets, characterized by a higher consumption of plant foods and a lower consumption of animal foods, are associated with a favorable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence regarding the association between plant-based diets and CVD (including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) incidence remain inconclusive. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases through December 2020 to identify prospective observational studies that examined the associations between plant-based diets and CVD incidence among adults. A systematic review and a meta-analysis using random effects models and dose-response analyses were performed. Ten studies describing nine unique cohorts were identified with a total of 698,707 participants (including 137,968 CVD, 41,162 CHD and 13,370 stroke events). Compared with the lowest adherence, the highest adherence to plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CVD (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.79-0.89) and CHD (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.94), but not of stroke (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.73-1.03). Higher overall plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthful PDI scores were associated with a reduced CVD risk. These results support the claim that diets lower in animal foods and unhealthy plant foods, and higher in healthy plant foods are beneficial for CVD prevention. Protocol was published in PROSPERO (No. CRD42021223188).
植物性饮食以较高的植物性食物摄入量和较低的动物性食物摄入量为特征，与心血管疾病（CVD）风险降低相关，但关于植物性饮食与 CVD（包括冠心病（CHD）和中风）发病风险之间关联的证据仍不明确。本研究通过PubMed、EMBASE 和 Web of Science 数据库进行了文献检索，检索时间截至 2020 年 12 月，以确定评估成人植物性饮食与 CVD 发病风险之间关联的前瞻性观察性研究。使用随机效应模型和剂量-反应分析进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。共确定了 10 项研究，涉及 9 个独特队列，共纳入 698707 名参与者（包括 137968 例 CVD、41162 例 CHD 和 13370 例中风事件）。与最低依从性相比，最高依从性的植物性饮食与 CVD（RR 0.84；95%CI 0.79-0.89）和 CHD（RR 0.88；95%CI 0.81-0.94）发病风险降低相关，但与中风（RR 0.87；95%CI 0.73-1.03）无关。较高的总体植物性饮食指数（PDI）和健康 PDI 评分与 CVD 风险降低相关。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即低动物食品和不健康植物食品、高健康植物食品的饮食有益于 CVD 预防。本研究方案已在 PROSPERO（注册号：CRD42021223188）上注册。
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