Llorente-Cantarero Francisco J, Aguilar-Gómez Francisco J, Bueno-Lozano Gloria, Anguita-Ruiz Augusto, Rupérez Azahara I, Vázquez-Cobela Rocío, Flores-Rojas Katherine, Aguilera Concepción M, Moreno Luis A, Gil Ángel, Leis Rosaura, Gil-Campos Mercedes
Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Andalucía,Spain.
Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid,Spain.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2022 Mar 1;32(2):102-110. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0148. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Childhood obesity has been related to metabolic syndrome and low-grade chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical activity intensities and practice on inflammation, endothelial damage, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. There were 513 participants, aged 6-14 years, recruited for the study. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, and the children were classified into four groups according to quartiles of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) practice as very low active, low active, moderate active, and high active. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and plasma metabolic and proinflammatory parameters were analyzed. Very low active group presented a worse lipid profile and higher insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, while lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Type 1 macrophages, and interleukin 8 than high-active children. Regression analyses showed that a higher MVPA practice was associated with lower levels of triacylglycerols (β: -0.118; p = .008), resistin (β: -0.151; p = .005), tPAI (β: -0.105; p = .046), and P-selectin (β: -0.160; p = .006), independently of sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). In contrast, a higher BMI was associated with higher levels of insulin (β: 0.370; p < .001), Homeostasis Model Assessment (β: 0.352; p < .001), triacylglycerols (β: 0.209; p < .001), leptin (β: 0.654; p < .001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (β: 0.182; p < .001), Type 1macrophages (β: 0.181; p < .001), and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (β: 0.240; p < .001), independently of sex, age, and MVPA. A better anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory profile was detected in the most active children; however, these differences were partly due to BMI. These results suggest that a higher MVPA practice and a lower BMI in children may lead to a better cardiometabolic status.
儿童肥胖与代谢综合征及低度慢性炎症有关。本研究旨在评估身体活动强度及锻炼对儿童炎症、内皮损伤和心脏代谢危险因素的影响。共有513名年龄在6至14岁的参与者被招募到该研究中。通过加速度计测量身体活动情况，并根据中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）锻炼的四分位数将儿童分为四组，即极低活动组、低活动组、中度活动组和高活动组。分析了人体测量指标、血压以及血浆代谢和促炎参数。极低活动组的脂质谱更差，胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素、基质金属蛋白酶-9和组织纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1水平更高，而肿瘤坏死因子-α、1型巨噬细胞和白细胞介素8水平低于高活动儿童。回归分析表明，较高的MVPA锻炼与较低的甘油三酯水平（β：-0.118；p = 0.008）、抵抗素水平（β：-0.151；p = 0.005）、组织纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂水平（β：-0.105；p = 0.046）和P-选择素水平（β：-0.160；p = 0.006）相关，且独立于性别、年龄和体重指数（BMI）。相比之下，较高的BMI与较高的胰岛素水平（β：0.370；p < 0.001）、稳态模型评估水平（β：0.352；p < 0.001）、甘油三酯水平（β：0.209；p < 0.001）、瘦素水平（β：0.654；p < 0.001）、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平（β：0.182；p < 0.001）、1型巨噬细胞水平（β：0.181；p < 0.001）和组织纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂水平（β：0.240；p < 0.001）相关，且独立于性别、年龄和MVPA。在最活跃的儿童中检测到更好的人体测量、代谢和炎症特征；然而，这些差异部分归因于BMI。这些结果表明，儿童较高的MVPA锻炼和较低的BMI可能导致更好的心脏代谢状态。
