Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PEQ/COPPE/UFRJ, CEP 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022 Apr 11;61(16):e202110855. doi: 10.1002/anie.202110855. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
Bottom-up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry to develop functional and structural building blocks to construct synthetic cell-like systems. The many strategies and materials that have been developed in recent decades have enabled scientists to engineer synthetic cells and organelles that mimic the essential functions and behaviors of natural cells. Examples include synthetic cells that can synthesize their own ATP using light, maintain metabolic reactions through enzymatic networks, perform gene replication, and even grow and divide. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in the design and construction of synthetic cells and organelles using the bottom-up approach. Our goal is to present representative synthetic cells of increasing complexity as well as strategies for solving distinct challenges in bottom-up synthetic biology.
自下而上的合成生物学是一门从无到有构建模拟活细胞结构和功能的系统的科学。为此，研究人员将化学、材料科学和生物化学领域的工具相结合，开发具有功能和结构的构建模块，以构建合成的类细胞系统。在过去几十年中开发的许多策略和材料使科学家能够设计合成细胞和细胞器，以模拟天然细胞的基本功能和行为。例如，一些合成细胞可以利用光合成自身的 ATP，通过酶网络维持代谢反应，进行基因复制，甚至生长和分裂。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用自下而上方法设计和构建合成细胞和细胞器的最新进展。我们的目标是展示具有代表性的、结构越来越复杂的合成细胞，以及解决自下而上合成生物学中独特挑战的策略。
