Juárez-Estrada Marco A, Tellez-Isaias Guillermo, Sánchez-Godoy Félix D, Alonso-Morales Rogelio A
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, FMVZ, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, FMVZ, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Nov 11;8:758379. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758379. eCollection 2021.
Avian coccidiosis is the first to most economically important parasite disease affecting poultry industries worldwide. Current prevention measures are largely based upon prophylactic chemotherapy supplemented by the application of live attenuated or wild-type parasite vaccines. However, the rising appearance of drug resistance, consumer's concern for antibiotics use in poultry production and higher manufacturing cost of live vaccines has driven to adopt new technologies aimed at increasing animal health and production efficiency. Supplementing chickens with egg yolk sp.-specific immunoglobulins can be a viable alternative to avoid severe outbreaks of the disease. Twelve-week-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were experimentally infected with a large dose of . During the prepatent period, the birds were supplemented by oral gavage with 60 or 120 mg/bird of hyperimmune egg yolk species-specific immunoglobulins Y (Supracox®, SC) on a daily basis. The animals were euthanized 7 days post-infection (PI) and their passive immune protection was evaluated. Birds treated with 120 mg/bird of SC showed more viability, increased body weight gain (BWG), a normal hematocrit level (HCT), reduced oocyst output per gram of feces (OPG) or cecal tissue (OPGC), and fewer cecal lesions compared to the untreated infected (UI) control group. Birds supplemented with 60 mg/bird of SC did not show any significant difference on BWG, HCT, OPG, OPGC, and cecal lesion score when compared with the UI group. An ELISA test of the SC showed a weak cross-reactivity of IgY toward two asexual zoite stages of . Western blot analysis of the sporozoite with SC showed few antigens barely recognized, while more stained bands were detected in the merozoite (≈82, ≈60, ≈54, ≈40, ≈38, ≈27.5, and ≈13 kDa). Oral immunotherapy using egg yolk polyclonal IgYs against sp. represents an effective and natural resource against severe infection favoring the gradual withdrawal of the anticoccidial drugs and antibiotics.
禽球虫病是影响全球家禽业的首要且最具经济重要性的寄生虫病。当前的预防措施主要基于预防性化疗，并辅以使用减毒活疫苗或野生型寄生虫疫苗。然而，耐药性的不断出现、消费者对家禽生产中使用抗生素的担忧以及活疫苗较高的制造成本，促使人们采用旨在提高动物健康水平和生产效率的新技术。给鸡补充蛋黄特定种属的免疫球蛋白可能是避免该病严重暴发的一种可行替代方法。12周龄的无特定病原体（SPF）白来航鸡被用大剂量的[病原体名称未给出]进行实验性感染。在潜隐期，通过每日经口灌胃给鸡补充60或120毫克/只的超免疫蛋黄特定种属免疫球蛋白Y（Supracox®，SC）。感染后7天对动物实施安乐死，并评估其被动免疫保护情况。与未处理的感染（UI）对照组相比，用120毫克/只SC处理的鸡表现出更高的活力、体重增加（BWG）增加、血细胞比容水平（HCT）正常、每克粪便（OPG）或盲肠组织（OPGC）中的卵囊产量降低以及盲肠病变更少。与UI组相比，补充60毫克/只SC的鸡在BWG、HCT、OPG、OPGC和盲肠病变评分方面未显示出任何显著差异。对SC的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试验显示，IgY对[病原体名称未给出]的两个无性滋养体阶段有较弱的交叉反应性。用SC对裂殖子进行蛋白质印迹分析显示，几乎没有抗原被识别，而在裂殖体中检测到更多染色条带（约82、约60、约54、约40、约38、约27.5和约13千道尔顿）。使用针对[病原体名称未给出]种属的蛋黄多克隆IgY进行口服免疫疗法是对抗严重[病原体名称未给出]感染的一种有效且天然的资源，有利于逐步停用抗球虫药和抗生素。
