Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 14;11(1):23987. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03479-2.
The subgingival microbiome is one of the most stable microbial ecosystems in the human body. Alterations in the subgingival microbiome have been associated with periodontal disease, but their variations over time and between different subgingival sites in periodontally healthy individuals have not been well described. We performed extensive, longitudinal sampling of the subgingival microbiome from five periodontally healthy individuals to define baseline spatial and temporal variations. A total of 251 subgingival samples from 5 subjects were collected over 6-12 months and deep sequenced. The overall microbial diversity and composition differed significantly between individuals. Within each individual, we observed considerable differences in microbiome composition between different subgingival sites. However, for a given site, the microbiome was remarkably stable over time, and this stability was associated with increased microbial diversity but was inversely correlated with the enrichment of putative periodontal pathogens. In contrast to microbiome composition, the predicted functional metagenome was similar across space and time, suggesting that periodontal health is associated with shared gene functions encoded by different microbiome consortia that are individualized. To our knowledge, this is one of the most detailed longitudinal analysis of the healthy subgingival microbiome to date that examined the longitudinal variability of different subgingival sites within individuals. These results suggest that a single measurement of the healthy subgingival microbiome at a given site can provide long term information of the microbial composition and functional potential, but sampling of each site is necessary to define the composition and community structure at individual subgingival sites.
龈下微生物组是人体中最稳定的微生物生态系统之一。龈下微生物组的改变与牙周病有关，但在牙周健康个体中，其随时间和不同龈下部位的变化尚未得到很好的描述。我们对五名牙周健康个体的龈下微生物组进行了广泛的纵向采样，以确定基线的时空变化。从 5 名受试者中总共采集了 251 个龈下样本，进行了深度测序。个体间的整体微生物多样性和组成差异显著。在每个个体中，我们观察到不同龈下部位的微生物组组成存在相当大的差异。然而，对于给定的部位，微生物组在时间上非常稳定，这种稳定性与微生物多样性的增加有关，但与潜在牙周病原体的富集呈负相关。与微生物组组成相反，预测的功能宏基因组在空间和时间上相似，这表明牙周健康与不同微生物组联合体所编码的共享基因功能有关，这些联合体是个体化的。据我们所知，这是迄今为止对健康龈下微生物组进行的最详细的纵向分析之一，该分析检查了个体内不同龈下部位的纵向可变性。这些结果表明，在给定部位单次测量健康龈下微生物组可以提供微生物组成和功能潜力的长期信息，但需要对每个部位进行采样，以确定个体龈下部位的组成和群落结构。
