Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Mol Cell Proteomics. 2022 Feb;21(2):100186. doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100186. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
The internal environment of cells is molecularly crowded, which requires spatial organization via subcellular compartmentalization. These compartments harbor specific conditions for molecules to perform their biological functions, such as coordination of the cell cycle, cell survival, and growth. This compartmentalization is also not static, with molecules trafficking between these subcellular neighborhoods to carry out their functions. For example, some biomolecules are multifunctional, requiring an environment with differing conditions or interacting partners, and others traffic to export such molecules. Aberrant localization of proteins or RNA species has been linked to many pathological conditions, such as neurological, cancer, and pulmonary diseases. Differential expression studies in transcriptomics and proteomics are relatively common, but the majority have overlooked the importance of subcellular information. In addition, subcellular transcriptomics and proteomics data do not always colocate because of the biochemical processes that occur during and after translation, highlighting the complementary nature of these fields. In this review, we discuss and directly compare the current methods in spatial proteomics and transcriptomics, which include sequencing- and imaging-based strategies, to give the reader an overview of the current tools available. We also discuss current limitations of these strategies as well as future developments in the field of spatial -omics.
细胞的内部环境分子拥挤，这需要通过亚细胞区室化进行空间组织。这些隔室为分子执行其生物功能提供了特定的条件，例如细胞周期的协调、细胞存活和生长。这种区室化也不是静态的，分子在这些亚细胞邻里之间运输以发挥其功能。例如，一些生物分子具有多功能性，需要具有不同条件或相互作用伙伴的环境，而其他分子则运输以输出这些分子。蛋白质或 RNA 物种的异常定位与许多病理状况有关，例如神经、癌症和肺部疾病。在转录组学和蛋白质组学中进行差异表达研究相对常见，但大多数研究都忽略了亚细胞信息的重要性。此外，由于翻译过程中和翻译后发生的生化过程，亚细胞转录组学和蛋白质组学数据并不总是共定位，这突出了这些领域的互补性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论并直接比较了空间蛋白质组学和转录组学的当前方法，包括基于测序和成像的策略，以使读者全面了解当前可用的工具。我们还讨论了这些策略的当前局限性以及空间组学领域的未来发展。
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