Advances in Biosynthesis of Natural Products from Marine Microorganisms.

Natural products play an important role in drug development, among which marine natural products are an underexplored resource. This review summarizes recent developments in marine natural product research, with an emphasis on compound discovery and production methods. Traditionally, novel compounds with useful biological activities have been identified through the chromatographic separation of crude extracts. New genome sequencing and bioinformatics technologies have enabled the identification of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters in marine microbes that are difficult to culture. Subsequently, heterologous expression and combinatorial biosynthesis have been used to produce natural products and their analogs. This review examines recent examples of such new strategies and technologies for the development of marine natural products.