1The Design Lab,University of California,San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive,MC 0436,La Jolla,CA 92093-0109,USA.
4Family Resiliency Center,University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL,USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2019 Jul;22(10):1850-1857. doi: 10.1017/S136898001900017X. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
School-based interventions and policies encourage youths to include and consume fruits and vegetables at lunchtime via school lunches, but limited research has examined how these behaviours compare when youths have home-packed lunches. The objective of the present study was to compare fruit and vegetable contents and consumption among students having school or home-packed lunches over the school week.
Participants were observed over five consecutive days at school lunchtime. Trained analysts estimated students' lunchtime fruit and vegetable contents and consumption using digital imaging. Mixed models examined associations between fruit and vegetable dietary behaviours and lunch source (school v. home-packed), controlling for student gender, grade and school.
Three elementary schools in northern California, USA.ParticipantsFourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade students (nchildren 315; nobservations 1421).
Students were significantly less likely to have and to consume fruits and vegetables (all P<0·05) when having home-packed lunches, compared with when having school lunches. Among those who did have or did consume these foods, having a home-packed lunch was associated with consuming significantly less fruit (P<0·05) but no differences for other dietary outcomes.
The study adds to a growing body of literature indicating shortfalls in fruit and vegetable contents and consumption associated with having a home-packed lunch, relative to having a school lunch. Findings suggest that school-based interventions, particularly when targeting home-packed lunches, should focus on whether or not these foods are included and consumed, with less emphasis on quantities.
通过学校午餐，以学校为基础的干预措施和政策鼓励青少年在午餐时摄入并食用水果和蔬菜，但很少有研究调查当青少年自带午餐时，这些行为是如何比较的。本研究的目的是比较在一周的上学时间内，学生在校内或自带午餐时的水果和蔬菜含量及食用情况。
参与者在连续五天的学校午餐时间内接受观察。经过培训的分析师使用数字成像技术来估计学生午餐时间的水果和蔬菜含量及食用情况。混合模型检验了水果和蔬菜饮食行为与午餐来源（学校与自带）之间的关联，同时控制了学生性别、年级和学校。
美国加利福尼亚州北部的三所小学。
四年级、五年级和六年级学生（n 儿童 315；n 观察 1421）。
与在校内吃午餐相比，学生自带午餐时，他们吃水果和蔬菜的可能性显著降低（所有 P<0·05）。在那些确实吃了或吃了这些食物的人中，自带午餐与食用的水果量显著减少有关（P<0·05），但其他饮食结果没有差异。
这项研究增加了越来越多的文献，表明与在校内吃午餐相比，自带午餐时水果和蔬菜的含量和食用量存在不足。研究结果表明，以学校为基础的干预措施，特别是针对自带午餐的干预措施，应重点关注这些食物是否被包含和食用，而不是关注数量。
