Cui Ning, Chen Tiezhu, Liao Baosheng, Xu Jiang, Li Xiwen
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
Central Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
Chin Med. 2021 Dec 23;16(1):141. doi: 10.1186/s13020-021-00548-6.
The decrease of wild reserves and the sharp increase of market demand have led to resource substitution, but it is still not clear how to discover medicinal alternative resources. Here we reveal the biology of medicinal resource substitution in the case of Salvia.
A hypothesis was put forward that phylogeny and ecology were the main factors which determined alternative species selection. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on chloroplast genomes. Spatial climatic pattern was assessed through three mathematical models.
Salvia miltiorrhiza and alternative species were mainly located in Clade 3 in topology, and their growth environment was clustered into an independent group 3 inferred from principal component analysis. Correlation and Maxent major climate factor analyses showed that the ecological variations within each lineage were significantly smaller than the overall divergent between any two lineages. Mantel test reconfirmed the inalienability between phylogeny and ecology (P = 0.002). Only the species that are genetically and ecologically related to S. miltiorrhiza can form a cluster with it.
Phylogenetic relationship and geographical climate work together to determine which species has the potential to be selected as substitutes. Other medicinal plants can learn from this biology towards developing alternative resources.
野生资源储备的减少和市场需求的急剧增加导致了资源替代，但目前仍不清楚如何发现药用替代资源。在此，我们以丹参为例揭示药用资源替代的生物学机制。
提出一个假设，即系统发育和生态是决定替代物种选择的主要因素。基于叶绿体基因组进行系统发育分析。通过三个数学模型评估空间气候模式。
丹参及其替代物种在拓扑结构上主要位于分支3，从主成分分析推断，它们的生长环境聚为一个独立的组3。相关性分析和最大熵主要气候因子分析表明，每个谱系内的生态变异明显小于任意两个谱系之间的总体差异。曼特尔检验再次证实了系统发育与生态之间的不可分割性（P = 0.002）。只有与丹参在遗传和生态上相关的物种才能与其形成一个聚类。
系统发育关系和地理气候共同作用，决定哪些物种有潜力被选为替代品。其他药用植物可以借鉴这种生物学机制来开发替代资源。
