UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
INRAE, UR 0045 Laboratoire de Recherches Sur Le Développement de L'Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), 20250, Corte, France.
Parasit Vectors. 2022 Jan 4;15(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-05122-5.
Human and animal pathogens that are transmitted by arthropods are a global concern, particularly those vectored by ticks (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi and tick-borne encephalitis virus) and mosquitoes (e.g. malaria and dengue virus). Breaking the circulation of pathogens in permanent foci by controlling vectors using acaricide-based approaches is threatened by the selection of acaricide resistance in vector populations, poor management practices and relaxing of control measures. Alternative strategies that can reduce vector populations and/or vector-mediated transmission are encouraged worldwide. In recent years, it has become clear that arthropod-associated microbiota are involved in many aspects of host physiology and vector competence, prompting research into vector microbiota manipulation. Here, we review how increased knowledge of microbial ecology and vector-host interactions is driving the emergence of new concepts and tools for vector and pathogen control. We focus on the immune functions of host antibodies taken in the blood meal as they can target pathogens and microbiota bacteria within hematophagous arthropods. Anti-microbiota vaccines are presented as a tool to manipulate the vector microbiota and interfere with the development of pathogens within their vectors. Since the importance of some bacterial taxa for colonization of vector-borne pathogens is well known, the disruption of the vector microbiota by host antibodies opens the possibility to develop novel transmission-blocking vaccines.
通过节肢动物传播的人类和动物病原体是一个全球性的关注点，特别是那些由蜱虫（如伯氏疏螺旋体和蜱传脑炎病毒）和蚊子（如疟疾和登革热病毒）传播的病原体。通过使用杀螨剂为基础的方法控制媒介来打破永久疫源地中病原体的循环，受到媒介种群对杀螨剂抗性的选择、管理不善和控制措施的放松的威胁。全世界都在鼓励采用可以降低媒介种群和/或媒介介导传播的替代策略。近年来，人们清楚地认识到，节肢动物相关的微生物群参与宿主生理学和媒介传播能力的许多方面，促使人们研究媒介微生物群的操纵。在这里，我们回顾了微生物生态学和媒介-宿主相互作用方面的知识增加如何推动了控制媒介和病原体的新概念和工具的出现。我们专注于宿主在吸血时血液中的抗体的免疫功能，因为它们可以靶向寄生于血食的节肢动物中的病原体和微生物群细菌。抗微生物群疫苗被提出作为一种操纵媒介微生物群的工具，以干扰其载体中的病原体的发展。由于一些细菌类群对载体传播病原体的定植很重要，宿主抗体对媒介微生物群的破坏为开发新型传播阻断疫苗提供了可能性。
