48439Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
48439Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Evid Based Integr Med. 2022 Jan-Dec;27:2515690X211053641. doi: 10.1177/2515690X211053641.
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in early 2020 with the outbreak of a highly pathogenic human coronavirus. The world is facing a challenge and there is a pressing need for efficient drugs. Plants and natural compounds are a proven rich resource for new drug discovery. Considering the potential of natural products to manage the pandemic, this article was designed to provide an inclusive map of the stages and pathogenetic mechanisms for effective natural products on COVID-19. New drug discovery for the COVID-19 pandemic can encompass both prevention and disease management strategies. Preventive mechanisms that may be considered include boosting the immune response and hand hygiene in the preexposure phase; and blocking of virus binding and entry in the postexposure phase. Potential therapeutic target mechanisms include virus-directed therapies and host-directed therapies. Several medicinal plants and natural products, such as (L.) Dunal and propolis for prevention; (L.) for treatment; and (Desf.) Briq and L. for both prevention and treatment have been found effective and are good targets for future research. The examples of phytochemical compounds that may be effective include aloin and terpenes as anti-septics; isothymol, dithymoquinone, and glycyrrhizin as inhibitors of virus binding and entry; glycyrrhizin, and berberine as replication suppressants; ginsenoside Rg1 and parthenolide as immunomodulators; and eriocitrin, rhoifolin, hesperidin, naringin, rutin, and veronicastroside as anti-complements. Recognizing different mechanisms of fighting against this virus can lead to a more systematic approach in finding natural products and medicinal plants for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
2020 年初，一种高致病性人类冠状病毒引发了冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）大流行。世界正面临着挑战，迫切需要有效的药物。植物和天然化合物是新药物发现的可靠资源。考虑到天然产物在管理大流行方面的潜力，本文旨在为 COVID-19 有效天然产物的作用阶段和发病机制提供全面的概述。针对 COVID-19 的新药发现可以包含预防和疾病管理策略。预防机制可能包括在暴露前阶段增强免疫反应和手部卫生；在暴露后阶段阻断病毒结合和进入。潜在的治疗靶点机制包括病毒定向治疗和宿主定向治疗。几种药用植物和天然产物，如（L.）Dunal 和蜂胶用于预防；（L.）用于治疗；（Desf.）Briq 和（L.）用于预防和治疗均已被证明有效，是未来研究的良好目标。可能有效的植物化学化合物的例子包括芦荟素和萜烯作为防腐剂；异松油精、二硫莫奎宁和甘草甜素作为病毒结合和进入抑制剂；甘草甜素和黄连素作为复制抑制剂；人参皂苷 Rg1 和白头翁内酯作为免疫调节剂；以及橙皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、柚皮苷、芦丁和 Veronica 糖苷作为抗补体。认识到对抗这种病毒的不同机制可以导致更系统地寻找 COVID-19 预防和治疗的天然产物和药用植物。
