Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Feb;30(1):207-223. doi: 10.1007/s10787-021-00914-8. Epub 2022 Jan 6.
Traditional medicines prepared using Terminalia species have been used globally to treat inflammation and pathogenic infections. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple Asian and African Terminalia spp. inhibit bacterial triggers of some autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis. Despite this, the effects of Australian Terminalia spp. on a bacterial trigger of ankylosing spondylitis (K. pneumoniae) remain unexplored. Fifty-five extracts from five Australian Terminalia spp. were investigated for K. pneumoniae growth inhibitory activity. Methanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of most species and plant parts inhibited K. pneumoniae growth, with varying potencies. Methanolic leaf extracts were generally the most potent bacterial growth inhibitors, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 66 μg/mL (T. ferdinandiana), 128 μg/mL (T. carpenteriae) and 83 μg/mL (T. petiolares). However, the aqueous leaf extract was the most potent T. grandiflora extract (MIC = 87 μg/mL). All T. catappa extracts displayed low growth inhibitory activity. The Terminalia spp. methanolic leaf extracts were examined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All contained a relative abundance of simple gallotannins (particularly gallic and chebulic acids), the flavonoid luteolin, as well as the monoterpenoids cineole and terpineol. Notably, all Terminalia spp. were non-toxic or of low toxicity in ALA and HDF toxicity assays, highlighting their potential for preventing the onset of ankylosing spondylitis and treating its symptoms once the disease is established, although this needs to be verified in in vivo systems.
传统医学中使用含有诃子属（Terminalia）的药物来治疗炎症和传染性疾病。最近的研究表明，亚洲和非洲的多种诃子属植物可以抑制一些自身免疫性炎症疾病的细菌触发物，包括强直性脊柱炎。尽管如此，澳大利亚诃子属植物对强直性脊柱炎的细菌触发物（肺炎克雷伯菌）的影响尚未得到探索。本研究对澳大利亚 5 种诃子属植物的 55 种提取物进行了肺炎克雷伯菌生长抑制活性的研究。大多数物种和植物部位的甲醇、水和乙酸乙酯提取物均具有抑制肺炎克雷伯菌生长的作用，其活性存在差异。甲醇叶提取物通常是最有效的细菌生长抑制剂，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值为 66μg/mL（诃子）、128μg/mL（卡氏诃子）和 83μg/mL（对叶诃子）。然而，水提叶提取物是最有效的诃子属植物提取物（MIC=87μg/mL）。所有 T. catappa 提取物的生长抑制活性均较低。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）对诃子属植物的甲醇叶提取物进行了分析。所有提取物均含有相对丰富的简单没食子鞣质（特别是没食子酸和诃子酸）、类黄酮木犀草素以及单萜烯桉油精和萜品醇。值得注意的是，所有诃子属植物在 ALA 和 HDF 毒性测定中均无毒性或毒性较低，这突出了它们在预防强直性脊柱炎发病和治疗疾病症状方面的潜力，尽管这需要在体内系统中得到验证。
