Bayat Fereshteh, Afshar Alireza, Baghban Neda
Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Dec 23;12:785716. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785716. eCollection 2021.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originated from different cells of approximately all kinds of organisms, recently got more attention because of their potential in the treatment of diseases and reconstructive medicine. To date, lots of studies have been performed on mammalian-derived vesicles, but little attention has been paid to algae and marine cells as valuable sources of EVs. Proving the promising role of EVs in medicine requires sufficient resources to produce qualified microvesicles. Algae, same as its other sister groups, such as plants, have stem cells and stem cell niches. Previous studies showed the EVs in plants and marine cells. So, this study was set out to talk about algal extracellular vesicles. EVs play a major role in cell-to-cell communication to convey molecules, such as RNA/DNA, metabolites, proteins, and lipids within. The components of EVs depends on the origin of the primitive cells or tissues and the isolation method. Sufficient resources are needed to produce high-quality, stable, and compatible EVs as a drug or drug delivery system. Plant stem cells have great potential as a new controllable resource for the production of EVs. The EVs secreted from stem cells can easily be extracted from the cell culture medium and evaluated for medicinal uses. In this review, the aim is to introduce algae stem cells as well as EVs derived from algal cells. In the following, the production of the EVs¸ the properties of EVs extracted from these sources and their antimicrobial effects will be discussed.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）起源于几乎所有种类生物体的不同细胞，由于其在疾病治疗和再生医学中的潜力，近来受到了更多关注。迄今为止，已经对哺乳动物来源的囊泡进行了大量研究，但作为有价值的细胞外囊泡来源，藻类和海洋细胞却很少受到关注。要证明细胞外囊泡在医学中的潜在作用，需要有足够的资源来生产合格的微囊泡。与植物等其他姐妹群体一样，藻类也有干细胞和干细胞生态位。先前的研究表明了植物和海洋细胞中存在细胞外囊泡。因此，本研究旨在探讨藻类细胞外囊泡。细胞外囊泡在细胞间通讯中起着重要作用，可在其中传递分子，如RNA/DNA、代谢物、蛋白质和脂质。细胞外囊泡的成分取决于原始细胞或组织的来源以及分离方法。需要足够的资源来生产高质量、稳定且兼容的细胞外囊泡作为药物或药物递送系统。植物干细胞作为生产细胞外囊泡的一种新的可控资源具有巨大潜力。从干细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡可以很容易地从细胞培养基中提取出来并评估其药用价值。在这篇综述中，目的是介绍藻类干细胞以及源自藻类细胞的细胞外囊泡。接下来，将讨论细胞外囊泡的生产、从这些来源提取的细胞外囊泡的特性及其抗菌作用。
