De Palma Monica, Ambrosone Alfredo, Leone Antonietta, Del Gaudio Pasquale, Ruocco Michelina, Turiák Lilla, Bokka Ramesh, Fiume Immacolata, Tucci Marina, Pocsfalvi Gabriella
Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Dec 15;9(12):1777. doi: 10.3390/plants9121777.
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in cell-to-cell and inter-kingdom communication. Despite their relevant biological implications, the existence and role of plant EVs released into the environment has been unexplored. Herein, we purified round-shaped small vesicles (EVs) by differential ultracentrifugation of a sampling solution containing root exudates of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Biophysical analyses, by means of dynamic light scattering, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing and scanning electron microscopy, showed that the size of root-released EVs range in the nanometric scale (50-100 nm). Shot-gun proteomics of tomato EVs identified 179 unique proteins, several of which are known to be involved in plant-microbe interactions. In addition, the application of root-released EVs induced a significant inhibition of spore germination and of germination tube development of the plant pathogens , and Interestingly, these EVs contain several proteins involved in plant defense, suggesting that they could be new components of the plant innate immune system.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）在细胞间和跨物种通讯中发挥着关键作用。尽管它们具有重要的生物学意义，但释放到环境中的植物细胞外囊泡的存在及其作用尚未得到探索。在此，我们通过对含有水培番茄植株根系分泌物的采样溶液进行差速超速离心，纯化出圆形小囊泡（EVs）。通过动态光散射、微流控电阻脉冲传感和扫描电子显微镜进行的生物物理分析表明，根系释放的细胞外囊泡大小在纳米尺度范围内（50-100纳米）。对番茄细胞外囊泡的鸟枪法蛋白质组学分析鉴定出179种独特的蛋白质，其中几种已知参与植物与微生物的相互作用。此外，施加根系释放的细胞外囊泡可显著抑制植物病原体的孢子萌发和芽管发育，有趣的是，这些细胞外囊泡含有几种参与植物防御的蛋白质，表明它们可能是植物先天免疫系统的新组成部分。
