Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 27;19(1):250. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010250.
A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds and physical activity (PA). Moreover, the accessibility to parks and playgrounds and its association with active commuting to/from school (ACS) and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. The sample was composed of children aged 6-12 years old from the BEACH (Built Environment and Active CHildren) study in Valencia, Spain. The availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds were calculated at different buffer sizes (250, 500, 1000 and 1250 m) using geographical information system data. PA out of school was assessed using accelerometers. Sociodemographics and ACS were measured with a parent questionnaire. Objectively measured weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Mixed linear regression analyses were conducted for each exposure variable, adjusting for sociodemographics, neighborhood walkability level, and participant clustering. The number of parks and playgrounds were positively associated with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA (TPA); including light PA and MVPA, during weekdays, in different buffer sizes. A negative relationship between distance to the nearest playground and TPA during weekdays was found. In addition, the number of playgrounds was positively related to ACS in different buffer sizes, whereas park land area was negatively related to the BMI percentile. This study highlights the importance of assessing the availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds in children's neighborhoods when PA behavior and weight status are analyzed. Study findings may help policymakers when targeting interventions to promote health-enhancing behaviors in children.
本研究旨在评估公园和游乐场的可达性及其与儿童至/离学校的主动通勤（ACS）和体质量指数（BMI）的关系。研究对象为西班牙巴伦西亚的 BEACH（Built Environment and Active CHildren）研究中的 6-12 岁儿童。使用地理信息系统数据，在不同的缓冲区大小（250、500、1000 和 1250 米）计算公园和游乐场的可达性和临近性。通过加速度计评估校外体育活动。使用家长问卷测量社会人口统计学特征和 ACS。客观测量体重和身高用于计算 BMI。对每个暴露变量进行混合线性回归分析，调整社会人口统计学、邻里步行能力水平和参与者聚类因素。在不同的缓冲区大小下，公园和游乐场的数量与中等至剧烈体力活动（MVPA）和总体力活动（TPA）呈正相关，包括工作日的轻度体力活动和 MVPA。发现到最近游乐场的距离与工作日 TPA 呈负相关。此外，在不同的缓冲区大小下，游乐场的数量与 ACS 呈正相关，而公园面积与 BMI 百分位呈负相关。本研究强调了在分析儿童行为和体重状况时评估其邻里公园和游乐场可达性和临近性的重要性。研究结果可能有助于政策制定者在针对儿童促进健康行为的干预措施时提供参考。
