Zamorano-Leon Jose J, Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo, Lopez-de-Andres Ana, de-Miguel-Diez Javier, Carabantes-Alarcon David, Albaladejo-Vicente Romana, Villanueva-Orbaiz Rosa, Zekri-Nechar Khaoula, Sanz-Rojo Sara
Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Respiratory Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2021 Dec 23;11(1):68. doi: 10.3390/jcm11010068.
(1) Background: In this work, we aim to describe influenza vaccine uptake among the diabetic population in Spain to assess the time trend from 2011 to 2020 and identify predictors of vaccine uptake among diabetes patients. (2) Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using the European Health Interview Survey for Spain (2014 and 2020) and the Spanish National Health Surveys (2011 and 2017). The independent variables analysed included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables and lifestyle variables. We matched each participant with diabetes with a non-diabetic participant based on age, sex, place of residence and year of survey. (3) Results: The overall coverage among diabetic adults was 52.1% compared to 40.6% for matched participants without diabetes ( < 0.01). The vaccine uptake among adults with diabetes was 52.6% in 2011, 54.38% in 2014 and 53.4% in 2017. The adjusted OR of having been vaccinated in 2020, with respect to 2011, was not significant at 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72-1.06). Factors such as being male, higher age, being affected by respiratory disease or cancer and being physically active were identified as positive predictors for influenza vaccination uptake, while smoking was a negative predictor. (4) Conclusions: The influenza vaccine uptake is below desirable levels among the adult diabetic population in Spain and has not improved from 2011 to 2020. More efforts should be made to increase influenza vaccine uptake in this high-risk group, especially for women, those aged 18-64 years, without other high-risk conditions and smokers.
(1) 背景：在本研究中，我们旨在描述西班牙糖尿病患者群体的流感疫苗接种情况，以评估2011年至2020年的时间趋势，并确定糖尿病患者疫苗接种的预测因素。(2) 方法：我们利用西班牙的欧洲健康访谈调查（2014年和2020年）以及西班牙国家健康调查（2011年和2017年）进行了一项描述性横断面研究。分析的自变量包括社会人口学特征、健康相关变量和生活方式变量。我们根据年龄、性别、居住地点和调查年份，将每位糖尿病参与者与一名非糖尿病参与者进行匹配。(3) 结果：糖尿病成年人的总体接种率为52.1%，而匹配的非糖尿病参与者为40.6%（P<0.01）。2011年糖尿病成年人的疫苗接种率为52.6%，2014年为54.38%，2017年为53.4%。与2011年相比，2020年接种疫苗的校正比值比为0.87，无统计学意义（95%可信区间：0.72 - 1.06）。男性、年龄较大、患有呼吸系统疾病或癌症以及身体活跃等因素被确定为流感疫苗接种的积极预测因素，而吸烟则是消极预测因素。(4) 结论：西班牙成年糖尿病患者群体的流感疫苗接种率低于理想水平，且2011年至2020年期间没有改善。应做出更多努力，以提高这一高危群体的流感疫苗接种率，特别是对于女性、18 - 64岁、没有其他高危状况的人群以及吸烟者。
