ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021 Apr 19;4(4):2853-2862. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00203. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
This paper highlights the potential benefits of using self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles of various shapes to enhance drug uptake. First, we highlight the growth and development of the polymersome, using a liposome as a blueprint for amphiphilic codelivery. Then, we focus on the advantages of nanoparticle elongation, drawing from the field of solid nanoparticles, as opposed to self-assembled vesicles which have not yet been extensively explored in shape-modulated drug delivery applications. Notably, regardless of the material used in the solid nanoparticle systems, more elongated shapes lead to greater cellular uptake, decreased interaction with the reticuloendothelial system macrophages, and increased circulation times. Finally, we highlight the methods currently being developed to modulate polymersome shape, thus providing a drug delivery system with the benefits derived from amphiphilicity and elongated structures. Current methods employed to modulate polymersome shape involve osmotic pressure gradients, solvent switching, and the use of cross-linking agents. Although these methods are successful in modulating polymersome shapes and the benefits of elongated nanoparticles in therapeutic targeting are clear, these methods have not yet been explored for applications in drug delivery.
本文重点介绍了使用各种形状的自组装聚合物纳米粒子来增强药物摄取的潜在益处。首先，我们以脂质体为模板，突出聚合物囊泡的生长和发展，以两亲共给药为例。然后，我们从固体纳米粒子领域出发，关注纳米粒子伸长的优势，因为与尚未在形状调节药物输送应用中广泛探索的自组装囊泡相比，这一领域具有优势。值得注意的是，无论固体纳米粒子系统中使用何种材料，更细长的形状都会导致更高的细胞摄取、与网状内皮系统巨噬细胞的相互作用降低以及循环时间增加。最后，我们重点介绍了目前正在开发的用于调节聚合物囊泡形状的方法，从而为药物输送系统提供了源自两亲性和伸长结构的益处。目前用于调节聚合物囊泡形状的方法包括渗透压梯度、溶剂转换和使用交联剂。尽管这些方法在调节聚合物囊泡形状和长形纳米粒子在治疗靶向中的优势方面非常成功，但这些方法尚未在药物输送应用中得到探索。
